环境工程技术学报

2011 Vol.1, No.6

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Oxidative Degradation of Simulated Amantadine by the Fenton Processes and the Intermediates Analysis

ZENG Ping, SONG Yong-hui, DRESELY Johanna, HOFFMANN Erhard

2011, 1(6): 454-459. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.076

Abstract(3759) PDF(645KB)(1140)

Abstract:
The oxidative degradation of amantadine by Fenton reagents was investigated to study the removal efficiency under different conditions to determine the optimum conditions. The results showed that when the amantadine at concentration of 500 mg/L was oxidized by Fenton reaction, the COD_Cr removal rate was around 30%-80% with good treatment effect. The ratio of BOD₅ to COD_Cr increased from zero to around 0.1-0.4. The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: pH was 4-5, reaction time was 15 min, H₂O₂ was 3 000 mg/L and the mass ratio of H₂O₂ to Fe²⁺ was around 1.28. The intermediates analysis of amantadine oxidized by Fenton reagents showed that there was no amantadine detected in the reaction system after 5 min of reaction. After 30 min of reaction, almost all the intermediates were degraded completely.

Environmental Impact of Polyester Alkali-reduction Wastewater and Its Resource Recovery Technologies

WANG Zhi-hui, SONG Qian-wu, FENG Hao, WANG Yan-jie, ZHANG Yue

2011, 1(6): 460-465. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.077

Abstract(3954) PDF(799KB)(1439)

Abstract:
The sources, water quality characteristics of alkali-reduction wastewater, its environmental issues and the difficulties of wastewater treatment were analyzed, based on a large number of investigations. Combined with the development and application status of resource recovery technologies, the complete set level of treatment equipment, and the problems in their application, the feasibility and necessity of recycling terephthalic acid from alkali-reduction wastewater were pointed out. It was suggested that national and local governments should guide enterprises to actively recycle alkali-reduction wastewater through technical policies and strict management in the process of textile industrial structure adjustment, in order to achieve the environmental, economic and social sustainable development.

Influence of Carrier Filling on the Treatment Effect of the Maize Processing Wastewater

XIE Ya-wei, NIAN Yue-gang, YIN Qin, YAN Hai-hong, XUE Mei, XIN Lu

2011, 1(6): 466-473. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.078

Abstract(3446) PDF(890KB)(1048)

Abstract:
Suspended carriers were filled to single sludge tank. The effects of different filling proportions on the removal of maize processing wastewater were studied. The results showed that the new process could bear higher COD_Cr volumetric loading shock with the increase of filling proportion. With the filling proportion of 30%, more than 80% COD_Cr was removed when the average concentration of influent COD_Cr was 832.7 mg/L and the average change of COD_Cr was 779.6 mg/L, or with the average shock of more than 94%, in one day. The removal rate of NH₄⁺-N was obviously improved by the carrier filling. When the filling proportion was 20%, about 90% NH₄⁺-N could be removed, which was nearly 50% more than that without carrier filling. With the filling proportion of 30%, 90% NH₄⁺-N could be removed stably. The carrier filling had little impact on the remove of TN with the experiment filling proportions. Additionally, it was observed that during the sludge bulking, the period for the biofilm to form on the carrier was shorter than other studies.

Research on Characteristic of Biological Hydrolysis and Acidification of Excess Sludge after Lysis by Combining Tween80 and Sodium Hydroxide

Lü Xue-bin, ZHI Su-li, ZHANG Yun-xia, ZHANG Shu-ting

2011, 1(6): 474-478. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.079

Abstract(3827) PDF(678KB)(1482)

Abstract:
Tween80 coupled with sodium hydroxide was used to promote the effect of sludge lysis. When the sludge lysis time was 15 min, the concentrations of protein and DNA in the supernatant were respectively 32.5 and 15.8 times higher than those in the initial supernatant. This indicated that the cell wall had been cracked and the intracellular protein and DNA had been extracted into the supernatant. Moreover, the concentrations of VFAs and NH₃-N increased with the increase of the concentration of Tween80 and time during the acidification of the sludge after lysis. The results showed that the addition of Tween80 could contribute significantly to the hydrolyzing effect of proteins and carbohydrates by acidification bacteria. After 24 h of acidification, the pH under different conditions was close to 7.4, and then the system went into a stable operation.

Study on Low-temperature Alkali Adding Lysis at and Ultrasonic-alkali Coupling Lysis for Excess Sludge

XI Bo, LI Guang-wei, ZHI Su-li, Lü Xue-bin, ZHANG Shu-ting

2011, 1(6): 479-483. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.080

Abstract(3649) PDF(568KB)(1354)

Abstract:
Two sludge lysis methods, low temperature (30-60 ℃) alkali adding (pH as 10-12) lysis and ultrasoni-alkali coupling lysis, were studied. The results indicated that the SCOD_Crproduced by unit alkali was the highest under the condition of 50 ℃ and pH 10 for low-temperature alkali adding lysis. The introduction of ultrasonic wave not only greatly improved the effect of lysis, but also decreased the requirements for the temperature during the lysis. For the ultrasonic-alkali coupling lysis, the SCOD_Cr produced by unit alkali was the highest under the condition of 22 ℃ and pH 10.

The Influence of Pretreatment Methods on Hydrolysis Effect of Cassava Starch Dregs

WANG Han, HAN Gang, YU Xiao-yan, Lü Xue-bin, ZHANG Shu-ting

2011, 1(6): 484-488. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.081

Abstract(4258) PDF(611KB)(1487)

Abstract:
In the conversion of cassava starch dregs to biogas, there are some difficult problems in pretreatment process, such as higher cost and the inhibition of the catalyst used for subsequent anaerobic digestion. Two different treatment methods for hydrolysis of cassava starch dregs, with hot water or dilute HNO₃ at high temperature, were respectively used to transfer organic matters into the liquid phase from the solid phase, in order to achieve the dissolving of the biomass. The results showed that higher temperature benefited the hydrolysis of cassava starch dregs, but it led to the decrease of biodegradability of hydrolysate due to the monosaccharide degradation. Using dilute nitric acid could catalyze the hydrolysis process and also improve the biodegradability of hydrolysate, and the value of BOD₅/COD_Cr of hydrolysate could rise from 0.48 up to 0.64 at 150 ℃ in 5 min compared with the condition of hot water.

Comparison of the Biological Acidification Characteristics of Hydrolysate from Cassava Starch Residue after Pretreated by Different Methods

WANG Jing, HAN Gang, YU Xiao-yan, Lü Xue-bin, ZHANG Shu-ting

2011, 1(6): 489-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.082

Abstract(3989) PDF(806KB)(1000)

Abstract:
Cassava starch residue, as a promising raw material for biogas production, is rich in cellulose. Due to high water content and scattered solid particles, it is difficult for solid cassava starch residue to ferment and it had to experience hydrolysis pretreatment as raw material for biogas production. The hydrolysate obtained by various hydrolysis pretreatment has major impact on the rate of acid production and acid distribution in subsequent acidification. The hydrolysate of cassava starch residue, pretreated by hot water and amylase respectively, was biological fermented. The results showed that, for the biological acidification of hydrolysate using α-amylase, hydrolyzed for 20 min by hot water at 150 ℃ and hydrolyzed for 45 min by hot water at 150 ℃, the maximum acid yield increased respectively to 5 277, 6 209, 4 734 mg/L from 4 558 mg/L and the corresponding time shortened to 30 h, 48 h, 24 h from 96 h, compared with the condition of cassava starch residue only. Besides, an optimum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) distribution was obtained in 24 h for the three kinds of hydrolysate, and the sum of acetic acid and butyric acid was about 90% of total VFAs. According to the acid produced rate and acid distribution, an optimum dissolving method was that the cassava starch residue was hydrolyzed for 20 min by hot water at 150 ℃ and the subsequent biological acidification time was 24 h.

Study on River Water Pollution Control and Storm Water Utilization in Shenzhen

PENG Sheng-hua, YIN Kui-hao, LIANG Yong-xian, LIN Gao-song, DENG Lian-mu

2011, 1(6): 495-504. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.083

Abstract(4388) PDF(1802KB)(1381)

Abstract:
Based on previous water pollution control planning and studies, three trans-boundary rivers of Shenzhen were taken as typical examples to study river water pollution control by industrial restructuring and population control, increasing sewage collection and treatment rates, and adopting a series of measures such as stream-flow regulation, sewage recovery, stream-flow supplement in dry-season, wetland construction for polluted water purification, mainstream canalization and biological and ecological water treatment technology, to satisfy the requirements for their designated function as drinking water sources and the water quality goals of the cross-border sections. QUAL-Ⅱ river model was applied to simulate the river water quality for demonstration and optimization of these measures, so as to further improve the previously planned water pollution control schemes. The results indicated that water quality and storm water utilization goals could be achieved at the cross-border sections by means of enhancing the interception and treatment rate of sewage to above 90%, canalizing the mainstream to form detention ponds, increasing stream flow in dry-season, and reusing all the effluent from sewage treatment plants or discharging the effluent into the rivers after deep treatment to comply with the Class Ⅲ standard of GB 3838-2002. By these measures, both constraints of water resource deficit and water pollution could be simultaneously relieved for Shenzhen.

Design of Technology Platform Architecture of the Basin Water-quality Target Management Based on Service GIS

JIN Tao-tao, DENG Fu-liang, MA Fang, LIN Quan

2011, 1(6): 505-511. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.084

Abstract(3581) PDF(901KB)(1005)

Abstract:
Aiming at the integrated technologies of basin water-quality target management and GIS, comparing the advantages and disadvantages between the traditional modes and service GIS model, the hierarchical structure, general architecture and building steps of a GIS-based basin water-quality target management technology platform were proposed. According to the construction demand analysis, detailed architecture of water-quality target management technology platform in the Liaohe River basin was established.

Comparison of the Air Pollutant Emission Standards of Coal-fired Power Plants between China, the United States and European Union

SHENG Qing, WU Xue-fang, LI Xiao-qian, WANG Zong-shuang, WANG Zhan-shan, ZHAO Guo-hua

2011, 1(6): 512-516. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.085

Abstract(5446) PDF(631KB)(1664)

Abstract:
It is an important measure of dealing with environmental pollution problems to scientifically develop pollutant emission standards. The United States, European Union and other developed countries have developed pollutant emission standards suitable for their national conditions and with multiple revisions. In order to learn from the successful experience of pollutant control on the power industry in the developed countries and develop reasonable air pollutant emission standard of thermal power in China, the control process of air pollutants such as SO₂, NO_x and particulate matters from coal-fired power plants and the current existing emission standards and control technologies in China, the US and EU were compared, the status of pollutant control of coal-fired thermal power in China analyzed, and some recommendations provided for the future development of China's coal-fired thermal power plants pollution control policy.

Study on Adaptability of Cadna/A in High-speed Railway Noise Environmental Impact Assessment

XU Zhi-sheng

2011, 1(6): 517-525. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.086

Abstract(4242) PDF(5030KB)(1511)

Abstract:
By analyzing characteristics of high-speed railway noise source and the propagation of acoustic because of sound barrier and on the basis of Cadna/A noise calculation mode, the high-speed railway noise prediction model based on Cadna/A software was established. The Cadna/A model was validated and corrected according to noise source strength data of Germany and China’s measurement as well as the noise projection models, and the noise prediction results consistent with the current calculating specifications obtained. Finally, according to characteristics of railway noise barriers, the Cadna/A model of railway noise barrier was established and the differences between calculated results and measurement results were little. The results show that the Cadna/A software is suitable for the environmental impact of high-speed railway noise prediction as long as appropriate validating amendments are made for the model parameters. Meanwhile, the model of railway noise barrier based on Cadna/A software can be used to guide the optimization of noise barrier design.

Screening of Best Available Techniques for Lead Smelting Pollution Prevention and Control

WANG Bing, SUN Qi-hong, HU Xue-wen, BAI Lu, FANG Lin, LIN Xing-jie, YANG Xiao-song, WANG Jing

2011, 1(6): 526-532. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.087

Abstract(5047) PDF(832KB)(2831)

Abstract:
The related policies of lead pollution prevention and control in abroad, the best available techniques (BATs) for lead smelting pollution prevention and control of European Union, and the current smelting techniques of lead in China were briefly analyzed. A method integrating analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) was used to screen lead smelting pollution prevention and control technologies. In the method, the weights of various evaluation indices were determined by AHP and the lead smelting pollution prevention and control technologies assessed by FCE. Based on the AHP-FCE, the best feasible technique portfolio of lead smelting pollution prevention and control was put forward.

Analyses on Locale Environmental Supervision Techniques in Copper Smelting Enterprises

LIN Xing-jie, SONG Shuang

2011, 1(6): 533-537. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.088

Abstract(3553) PDF(690KB)(1559)

Abstract:
In view of the current environmental situations of copper smelting enterprises in which copper concentrate was used as the raw material and according to the procedures and methods of locale environmental supervision, the technical points of locale environmental supervision in such processes as preparation area, melting area，electrolysis area and acid area were put forward. It was suggested that the situations of emissions of heavy metal, SO₂ and smoke-dust in compliance with the emission standards, the safe disposal of the dangerous solid wastes and the availability of emergency response programs and measures of environmental risks should be especially supervised. The technical points could offer technical guidance for the environmental supervision.

Design for Nested Sampling Chamber and Its Application in Methane Flux Monitoring of Paddy Field

LIU XIAOFU, WANG Wen-jie, WANG Wei, JIANG Wei-guo, LIU Hai-jiang, BI Jun-ping, WEN Yue-lei, CHEN Qiang

2011, 1(6): 538-543. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.089

Abstract(3860) PDF(864KB)(1001)

Abstract:
Basic rules for making greenhouse gas sampling equipment were summarized, and a nested sampling chamber was designed to measure methane emission fluxes of different kinds of wetland around Dongting Lake. The advantage of the chamber was its adjustability of height and volume. When transported or not in use, reduced volume could be realized by setting the top of the chamber into the middle of it; when used, expanded volume could be generated by setting the top of the chamber upon the middle of it. The height of the chamber changed when numbers of middle parts increased. Field observation showed that the average methane emission flux of paddy around Dongting Lake in April was 10.37 mg/(m²·h), which confirmed the reliability of applying the chamber in wetland methane monitoring. It was remarkable that sampling operation should be completed in 40 minutes in order to avoid instability of methane emission caused by internal environment change of the chamber.

Overview of Researches on Integrated Bio-treatment Reactors for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment

WANG Cheng-wen, ZHAO Xue-feng, WANG Xin

2011, 1(6): 544-548. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2011.06.090

Abstract(3810) PDF(748KB)(1425)

Abstract:
The characteristics of rural domestic wastewater are different from those of municipal domestic sewage. They mainly include the decentralized discharge points, the high content of organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus and the high fluctuation of water quality and quantity. There are two parts of researches on Integrated Bio-treatment Reactors (IBRs) for rural domestic wastewater treatment. The first part includes IBRs with the traditional single process, such as the SBR Reactor, the Integrated OCO Reactor, the Integrated Membrane Reactor and so on. The second part includes IBRs with combination process, sunch as the combination of activated sludge and A/A process, the combination of biofilm and A/A process. It was suggested that the proper IBRs should be selected according to the actual situation of rural area.

2011 Vol. 1, No. 6

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