环境工程技术学报

2014 Vol.4, No.2

Cover

An Exploration of Construction Mode of Ecological Demonstration Area in Liaohe Conservation Area

GAO Hong-jie, SONG Yong-hui, Lü Chun-jian, PENG Jian-feng, LI Rui, YU Hui-bin

2014, 4(2): 85-90. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.015

Abstract(2265) PDF(2808KB)(861)

Abstract:
Based on the investigation, analysis and evaluation of the water ecology, social economy and natural status of the Liaohe River basin, aiming at the major factors restricting the sustainable development of Liaohe Conservation Area, combining regional ecological environment features and advantage of nature, and according to the idea of sustainable development, five modes of ecological demonstration area including mode of ecology recovery and ecological function increase, mode of water pollution prevention and water environment improvement, mode of integrating wetland park and regional leisure resort, mode of living environment improvement and urban river landscape construction, and mode of ecological agriculture of high value and new rural area construction are proposed for construction. Through the construction of the demonstration area, the integration of regional ecological, environmental and social benefits can be realized. It serves as a guide for policy-making to build up an ecological Liaohe River in an all-round way with efficient ecological economy, beautiful ecological environment, good living conditions, stable and harmonious society, and prosperous ecological culture.

Design Scheme of the Ecological Demonstration Area of Fanhe River Estuaries in Liaohe Conservation Area

WANG Kui-feng, GAO Hong-jie, SONG Yong-hui, PENG Jian-feng, LI Rui, YU Hui-bin

2014, 4(2): 91-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.016

Abstract(2090) PDF(2214KB)(612)

Abstract:
Fanhe River is one of the large tributaries, whose basin area is greater than 1 000 km², of the Liaohe River mainstream. It is one of the fourteen ecological demonstration areas whose tributaries influx into the mouth of Liaohe Conservation Area that are proposed to construct in the national “12th Five-year” period. Fanhe River is also a typical representative of constructing ecological demonstration area in Liaohe Conservation Area. This paper fully analyzes the current water environment, distribution of natural resources, objects of protection as well as the regional development in the demonstration area, based on which we put forward the idea of constructing ecological demonstration area in Fanhe estuaries. This ecological demonstration area is constructed in accordance with the mode of Wetland Park and regional leisure resort. The scheme designed 5 aspects of construction, including ecotourism, ecological agriculture, new rural area, wetland and green corridor. The design philosophy and ideas are referential to other ecological demonstration areas construction.

Typical Case and Design Method of Ecological Demonstration Area in Liaohe Conservation Area

LIU Xiao-ling, DUAN Liang, SONG Yong-hui, WANG Jian, ZHANG Lin-rong

2014, 4(2): 96-103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.017

Abstract(2032) PDF(1159KB)(705)

Abstract:
Constructing ecological demonstration areas is a key approach to maintain the sustainable development of ecology, living and production in Liaohe Conservation Area. Aiming at the main ecological and environmental problems, and combined with the current status and characteristics of ecological environment as well as resource and environmental carrying capacity of Liaohe Conservation Area, the ecological demonstration areas were divided into different main functional zones, applying methods of natural environment systems analysis, eco-environment sensitivity assessment and ecosystem service function assessment, etc. Then, Liangzihe estuaries ecological demonstration area, Gonghe estuaries ecological demonstration area, Yinzhou district ecological demonstration area of Tieling city, Juliuhe ecological demonstration area and Mahusan ecological demonstration area were chosen as five typical cases to elaborate how to design and construct ecological demonstration areas of the different main functional zones. The economic, ecological and social benefits of the ecological demonstration areas after construction were also analysed.

Study on the Design of Multi-scale Monitoring System in Liaohe Conservation Area

YU Hui-bin, SONG Yong-hui, DUAN Liang, PENG Jian-feng, GAO Hong-jie

2014, 4(2): 104-108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.018

Abstract(1997) PDF(763KB)(1147)

Abstract:
Liaoning province has designated the mainstream of Liaohe River as conservation area and established a conservation bureau. It is an important duty for the bureau to improve its monitoring capacity and control ecological environment of the conservation. The monitoring sections, data management, monitoring platform and emergency response capability of the Liaohe River mainstream were analyzed and corresponding monitoring systems were designed. Aiming at the objectives of monitoring capacity building in Liaohe Conservation Area, the multi-scale monitoring systems were designed, including the water quality monitoring system, ecological monitoring stations and low-altitude aerial system. The automatic monitoring systems were designed, including those for the mainstream and the tributaries. The locations of ecological monitoring stations were identified and the monitoring contents and equipments established. The monitoring system of low-altitude aerial was designed, the monitoring equipment chosen and the monitoring routes set.

Application and Management Methods of Johkasou

ZHANG Yu-jie, WU Jun-qi, XIANG Lian-cheng, SONG Yong-hui, WANG Si-yu

2014, 4(2): 109-115. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.019

Abstract(2336) PDF(1049KB)(787)

Abstract:
Aiming at the characteristics of poor economic foundation and decentralized discharge of residential sewage in wide rural areas in China, integrated wastewater treatment equipment named purification tank (Johkasou) which originated from Japan was analyzed. After decades of continuous development, purification tank technologies were getting mature in Japan. A series of reasonable laws and regulations system, technical standards system and service system in the management of the purification tanks had been formed, which had supported and regulated the technological dissemination and application of purification tanks. Purification tank has the characteristics of easily-installed and flexibly operated. These characteristics are suitable for the decentralized rural sewage treatment in China. The development, existing processes, new technologies, applications and managements of the purification tank in Japan were analyzed. Some revelations for China, especially for Liaohe Conservation Area, in applying decentralized wastewater treatment methods were pointed out.

Application and Outlook of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Liaohe Conservation Area

LI Jian-ping, WU Jun-qi, XIANG Lian-cheng, SONG Yong-hui, WANG Si-yu

2014, 4(2): 116-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.020

Abstract(2265) PDF(793KB)(675)

Abstract:
The characteristics of the decentralized wastewater discharge of Liaohe Conversation Area were analyzed, the issue of promoting the decentralized wastewater treatment technologies such as constructed wetland, stabilization pond, power-free buried wastewater treatment system, and integrated wastewater treatment equipment was discussed. The existing problems of the decentralized wastewater treatment facilities in the operation were analyzed and the countermeasures put forward. It was pointed out that strengthening management of decentralized wastewater treatment facilities and combing the wastewater treatment with ecology, energy saving and landscape should be the future development direction of the decentralized wastewater treatment systems.

The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus in Qixing Wetland of Liaohe Conservation Area

ZHAO Wei-wei, DUAN Liang, SONG Yong-hui, LI Hui, ZHI Er-quan, LI Wen-wen

2014, 4(2): 121-128. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.021

Abstract(2296) PDF(3665KB)(557)

Abstract:
In order to identify the migration transformation process of phosphorus in water body and sediments in Qixing wetland, the concentration and distribution of phosphorus in surface water and porewater were analyzed, the morphological distribution characteristics of phosphorus in sediments studied, and the diffusion flux of phosphorus in the sediment-overlying water interface measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to distinguish the different forms of phosphorus in water body and sediments. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of total phosphorus in water body and sediments were slightly different. The concentration of TP in water body and sediments was higher at the entrance of the Xixiao River and the Wanquan River, and the concentration in both of them was lower at the Yangchang River. At the same time, the concentration of TP in the mainstream at exports of the wetlands was lower. IP was the main form of TP in sediments, accounting for 68.27%-87.41%. The proportion order of various forms of phosphorus in IP was NaOH-rP> HCl-P> Res-P> NaOH-nrP> BD-P. The diffusion flux of phosphorus in sediment-overlying water interface was positive, and the results showed that the sediments were important sources of phosphorus in the overlying water. Pearson correlation analysis also showed that BD-P from sediments was one of important inputs of phosphorus in body water, and TP and IP in sediments were mainly controlled by NaOH-rP.

Denitrification Using Starch/PCL Blends as Solid Carbon Source and Biofilm Carrier

SHEN Zhi-qiang, ZHOU Yue-xi, WANG Jian-long

2014, 4(2): 129-134. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.022

Abstract(2284) PDF(771KB)(675)

Abstract:
The starch/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends (SPCL5) were prepared by twin-screw extruder. The water absorption and leaching characteristics of SPCL5 were studied, and the feasibility and efficiency also investigated in batch experiment using SPCL5 as carbon source and biofilm carrier simultaneously. The results showed that a high release of DOC was observed during the first 3 d after leaching, and then DOC decreased significantly to 1.31 mg/L. The water absorption of SPCL5 was equilibrated in the 1st d which reached 30.97%. SPCL5 could serve as solid carbon source for denitrification from low C/N nitrate-contaminated water. A high denitrification performance was observed after just 1 d acclimatization. After inoculation, the average denitrification rate of SPCL5 was 0.020 8 mg/(g·h). Hydrodynamic shear force played an important role in denitrification process, The denitrification rate increased by about 100% when the rotating speed increasing from 70 r/min to 140 r/min. A negligible effect on denitrification rate was received when the influent concentration of NO3-N ranged from 15-50 mg/L, and the denitrification was a zero-order reaction. The IR analysis confirmed the biodegradation of starch and PCL in SPCL5 blends.

Analysis of Releasing Approaches of Water Environmental Pressure in Northwest Inland River Basins Based on Scenario Analysis

DING Yan-zhe, ZHAO Jian, LEI Kun, FU Guo, XU Min

2014, 4(2): 135-143. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.023

Abstract(2048) PDF(1019KB)(974)

Abstract:
Based on polluting sources survey data of 2010 and environmental statistical data from 2001 to 2010 in Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Province and through scenario analysis method, the water environment evolution tendency was studied under the economic development status in key regions of Northwest inland river basins. Three levels of approaches were proposed to release the pressure. The first is to reinforce pollutant discharge reduction by production structure adjustment and wastewater treatment measures, hence to increase the production and decrease the pollution. The second is to seek space for industrial development through controlling domestic pollution sources from the perspective of regional discharge reduction system and thus realize the economic growth and the pollution reduction, in the case that promoting efficiency of treating wastewater is not enough. The third is to introduce the “none input into river” management to solve the wastewater problem so as to realize the increase of economy and improvement of water quality, when neither controlling domestic discharges nor promoting industrial pollution treatment efficiency is enough to release water environment pressure.

The Mechanism and Constrains of Imported Wastes on Domestic Resource and Environment

ZHANG Zhe, QIU Qi, HU Hua-long, LI Shu-yuan

2014, 4(2): 144-149. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.024

Abstract(1962) PDF(886KB)(1087)

Abstract:
As the development of economy and increase of global trade, China imports more and more wastes as raw materials. The imported wastes have the special role of both resource supplement and potential environmental risk. Therefore, the study on this area becomes a non-negligible direction in international trade. From the perspective of import trade, the product, supply, technology spillover and industrial optimization effects of imported wastes that could be used for raw materials were analyzed, and their affecting mechanisms on domestic resource saving and industrial structure adjustment investigated. The domestic environmental management constrains under which imported wastes as raw materials could generate positive environmental effects were illustrated. The approaches to fully exert the resource saving effects of imported wastes as raw materials and to alleviate the resource shortage in China were proposed, including improving the existing waste import management laws and regulations, emphasizing the positive role of imported wastes as raw materials, maintaining foreign trade balance, and strengthening trade cooperation of imported wastes as raw materials.

Impact of Kitchen Waste Hydrothermal Pre-treatment on Anaerobic Fermentation Type and Hydrogen Production

XIA Tian-ming, HUANG Kai-feng, LI Ming-xiao, ZHU Chao-wei, WEI Zi-min, JIA Xuan, YANG Yang

2014, 4(2): 150-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.025

Abstract(2124) PDF(1056KB)(866)

Abstract:
Batch tests were carried out to analyze the influences of hydrothermal pre-treatment on anaerobic fermentation type and hydrogen production by measuring the variation of soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs), total chemical oxygen demand (CODt), crude protein content, C/N and metabolites. Using Gompertz kinetics model, the change of anaerobic fermentation system boot speed, cumulative hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate caused by hydrothermal pre-treatment were studied. The result showed that floatable oil could be affected by hydrothermal pre-treatment which obtained a maximum yield of 97.5 mL/kg, and then the content of CODs and C/N changed significantly. The analysis of VFAs and ethanol concentration proved that hydrothermal pre-treatment can change the kitchen waste anaerobic metabolic pathways of hydrogen production from mainly propionic acid into butyric acid metabolic pathways. The 90℃-30 min pre-treatment which got a highest degree of specific hydrogen production yield at 242.1 mL/g(VSS) could shift the butyric acid into acetic acid and hydrogen by the effect of microorganism. The hydrothermal pre-treatment could affect the characteristic of carbohydrates, protein and fat in kitchen waste, thereby affecting hydrogen and acid production by anaerobic fermentation type of kitchen waste to achieve the purposes of enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen production performance by kitchen waste anaerobic hydrogen production.

Economic Statistics Based Municipal Solid Waste Heating Value Calculation Model

YANG Tao

2014, 4(2): 158-163. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.026

Abstract(2230) PDF(747KB)(1187)

Abstract:
The neural network method to forecast the heating value of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a new way to estimate heating value of MSW by using statistics of economy and natural environment. Indicated by Grey Correlation Coefficient, there are four key factors that affect the heating value of MSW, including rate of gas utilization, annual rainfall, per capita annual living expenditures of urban households and GDP.A social-economic statistics based BP neural network estimation model of the heating value of MSW was established, by using MATLAB with the statistics of those key factors and the historical tracking results of heating value of MSW from Chendu City. The closed set and open set test show that the model has a high precision and stabilization. It can do simulation effectively with data outside of the training sample and can perform fast training.

Investigation of Purifying Environmental Tobacco Smoke Pollutants

FAN Qi-zhi, ZHANG Li, WANG Dong-sheng, DONG Yao-hua, DONG Li-hua, YIN Yan-sheng

2014, 4(2): 164-168. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.027

Abstract(2234) PDF(641KB)(756)

Abstract:
A self-developed air purification device using negative ions and photocatalytic oxidation technology was adopted to perform the experiment in indoor to evaluate the tobacco smoke cleaning efficiency. The color analysis (RGB contrast) method was used for evaluation the purification rates of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). The experiment results indicate that photocatalytic oxidation technology shows significant effects of purifying NO_x and negative ions play an important role on cleaning PM_2.5. The purification device can effectively purify the cigarette smoke.

The Applied Research of New Environment-Friendly Dust Suppressant in City Road

ZHENG Xiang-jun, LI Jin-sheng, XUE Feng, MENG De-fa, WU Xiao-jian, HUO Mao-qing, XIE Gang, SHI Jing

2014, 4(2): 169-172. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.02.028

Abstract(2405) PDF(533KB)(883)

Abstract:
With the dust in some of city roads in Beijing as the research object, the change of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations before and after spraying a new environment-friendly road dust suppressant was studied. The results showed that the new environment-friendly road dust suppressant could effectively reduce the concentration of PM₁₀, with PM₁₀ reduction effect of 25%. The dust suppressant could also reduce PM_2.5 and absorb nitrogen oxides in the air. The new dust suppressant is thus efficient in controlling road dust and reducing pollution.

2014 Vol. 4, No. 2

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