环境工程技术学报

2016 Vol.6, No.1

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Characteristics of Thermophilic Anaerobic Hydrolysis and Acidification of Low-organic Carbon Sludge under Electron Acceptor Shocking Conditions

WU Guangxue, LI Yanxuan, WANG Yingying, GUO Yumei, WU Yihui, GUO Fang

2016, 6(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.001

Abstract(2060) PDF(448KB)(541)

Abstract:
Hydrolysis and acidification of residual sludge is the prerequisite for its consequent energy and resource utilization. As to the low-organic carbon sludge, the characteristics of thermophilic anaerobic hydrolysis and acidification under electron acceptor shocking conditions were examined, especially for hydrolysis, acidification and nitrogen/phosphorus nutrient release. The results showed that under short-term aeration shocking conditions, efficiency of anaerobic hydrolysis and acidification was enhanced significantly, with the volatile suspended solids reduction percentage of 40% compared to 31% without shocking effect. Concurrently, the shock condition enhanced soluble chemical oxygen demand production, especially for protein. By incorporating the electron shock, it mainly affected the hydrolysis efficiency rather than the acidification mode, with the acidification type of butyrate fermentation. The release of ammonia and also measurements by both excitation emission matrix florescence spectroscopy and molecular distribution indicated that the difference of protein-type substances was mainly contributed from hydrolysis rather than acidification. Electron acceptor shocking, especially short-term aeration, is an effective technique to enhance anaerobic hydrolysis and acidification of residual sludge.

Ecosystem Health Assessment of Qixing Wetland in Liaohe River Conservation Area

LI Rui, DUAN Liang, WANG Siyu, SONG Yonghui, LIU Ruixia, ZHI Erquan

2016, 6(1): 43-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.007

Abstract(1748) PDF(265KB)(564)

Abstract:
With Qixing wetland of Liaohe River Conservation Area as the selected cases，the principal component analysis (PCA) and the correlation analysis were adopted to screen the wetland ecosystem health assessment indicators, and the comprehensive assessment indicator groups consisting of five parameters, i.e. COD_Mn, TP, NH₃-N, Chl-a, DO, were constructed which could reveal the characteristics of water environment quality, aquatic life and habitat environment quality of the wetland ecosystem. The comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the health status of Qixing wetland ecosystem, and it is shown that among the 13 sampling positions of Qixing wetland, six sampling positions are evaluated at the sub-healthy level, six sampling positions are at the generally morbid level and one sampling position is at the morbid level. The overall ecosystem health level of Qixing wetland is sub-healthy level.

Assessment Model of Landfill Sites Groundwater Environmental Health Risk Based on Stochastic Simulation-triangular Fuzzy Numbers

WANG Yue, AN Da, XI Beidou, TANG Jun, LIANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Boqiang

2016, 6(1): 49-56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.008

Abstract(1557) PDF(331KB)(769)

Abstract:
On the basis of US EPA health risk assessment method, and coupling the methods of triangular fuzzy number and stochastic simulation, the Stochastic Simulation-Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Model was built up and applied in groundwater environmental health risk assessment for a domestic waste landfill site in northern China as a case study. The results showed that the children's health risks of six monitoring wells all exceed the acceptable level, and the values of wells Z1 and Z2 distributed in Level Ⅲ and Level Ⅳ interval. The adults’ health risks of three monitoring wells also exceed the acceptable level, and the values of well Z6 distributed in Level Ⅴ and Level Ⅵ interval. Compared with that by the deterministic method, this model in a certain extent solved the uncertainty problem existing in the traditional deterministic evaluation process. It could not only calculate the risk level of groundwater pollution, but also quantitatively obtain the corresponding probability level, providing more accurate assessment information of the health risks for the decision makers and more basis for the groundwater pollution management.

Establishment of Identification Pollution Function Index and Its Application in Water Quality Assessment of Hanjiang River

LIU Chao, CHENG Dingbei, LI Hansong, LI Zhian, LI Hao, CHENG Guojun, WANG Xia

2016, 6(1): 57-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.009

Abstract(1723) PDF(1158KB)(1332)

Abstract:
In order to accurately measure the water quality of Ankang section of the Hanjiang River, based on the deterministic method of the water quality evaluation, the methods of the Identification Pollution Function Index based on Water Quality Standard for Fisheries (GB 11607-1989), and the Pollution Index based on the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) were constructed respectively, and the measurement results compared. The results showed that the water quality of Ankang section of the Hanjiang River is Grade Ⅱ of surface water and suitable for fishing, being slightly polluted by N and P. The results derived from the Identification Pollution Function Index were strongly consistent with those from Overlaying Pollution Index, Arithmetic-average Pollution Index and Nemerow Pollution Index, and are able to accurately express the quality and functions of water body and to compare the water quality among different water bodies. The Identification Pollution Function Index can be used as evaluation index for the water body of the Hanjiang River.

Application of Artificial Plants in Farmland Drainage Ditches of Boluo River

TENG Qingxiao, PANG Yan, HU Xiaozhen, WANG Yongtao, HUANG Tianyin

2016, 6(1): 65-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.010

Abstract(1798) PDF(2181KB)(1401)

Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of the drainage ditches hardening and lacking natural purification ability, the technique of artificial plants was put forward as a solution based on the ecological sewage ditch principles. In-situ artificial plants experiment was carried out to purify the agriculture drainage in drainage ditches of the Boluo River of Dali. The results showed that the artificial aquatic plants have feasible and stable purification ability for agriculture drainage. When the COD_Mn, TN, TP and NH₃-N of the agriculture drainage were 3.8-7.3 mg/L, 1.18-2.65 mg/L, 0.05-0.19 mg/L, 0.45-0.83 mg/L, respectively, with hydraulic retention time of 2.1-2.5 h, and after the treatment of artificial grass carpet, the removal rates of COD_Mn, TN, TP and NH₃-N in farmland drainage ditches were 10.86%-40.35%, 13.04%-60.52%, 15.65%-48.68% and 13.59%-55.13%, respectively.

Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by Using Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Gemini Surfactant

CHAI Shigan, JIA Chai, LI Xinyi, ZOU Qichao, ZHANG Jinzhi

2016, 6(1): 8-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.002

Abstract(2020) PDF(589KB)(798)

Abstract:
The removal efficiency of five different structures of quaternary ammonium salt surfactants for the Microcystis aeruginosa(MA) was studied. The comparison showed that the removal efficiency of the MA with the Gemini structure surfactant was higher than that of the common single chain surfactant, with high removal efficiency by long-chain alkanes. Using 16-6-16 as quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant for study, the effects of the dosage of 16-6-16, concentration of MA solution, pH and ionic strength on removal efficiency of MA were discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiency of MA increased with the dosage of the Gemini surfactant. At high optical density (A_683nm) of 0.402,only 5 mg/L of 16-6-16 could destroy the integrity of cells，causing the cells to die consequently. As the dosage of 16-6-16 increased to 20mg/L, the removal efficiency of MA could reach above 90% after 24 h. When the dosage of 16-6-16 was 20 mg/L, the removal efficiency increased with MA solution concentration, which could achieve the highest at the A_683nm of 0.402. The removal efficiency of MA decreased with the increase of ionic strength, and the optimum pH was 7 to 9. At last, according to the study of the microscopic structure and the Zeta potential of MA solution, the mechanism of the quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant for MA removal was primarily discussed.

Orthogonal Experiment on Enhanced Coagulation Process for Advanced Treatment of Secondary Settling Tank Effluent

YU Lan, LÜ You, LI Xiaoqian

2016, 6(1): 16-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.003

Abstract(2007) PDF(1108KB)(1332)

Abstract:
The effluent of secondary settling tank of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were suggested to be further treated by enhanced coagulation process, and used as cooling water of a power plant. To guide this operation, the orthogonal experiment was performed to study the main factors of enhanced coagulation process. The results showed that the order of influencing factors was coagulant aid dosage> rotation speed> contact sludge concentration>pH at the stage of flocculation. The optimum parameters of the enhanced coagulation process were 0.3 mg/L coagulant aid (PAM), 2.5 g/L contact sludge, 80 r/min rotation speed for flocculation and pH 6.0. Under the optimum parameters, the turbidity of WWTP effluent was decreased from 10.0 NTU to below 0.5 NTU, and TP concentration was decreased from about 1.5 mg/L to below 1.0 mg/L (the lowest was 0.2 mg/L), which were better than the requirements in The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water – Water quality standard for industrial uses (GB/T19923-2005).

Adsorption of Inorganic Arsenic As(Ⅲ), As(Ⅴ) and F- on MgAl-NO₃-LDH in Water

LIANG Dujuan, QIU Yinan, WU Min, YANG Xiaojing

2016, 6(1): 22-25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.004

Abstract(2130) PDF(1427KB)(913)

Abstract:
NO₃-type layered double hydroxide (MgAl-NO₃-LDH) was prepared via an ion exchange method, and its adsorption capacity toward As(Ⅲ), As(Ⅴ) and F^- with trace amount in water was investigated. The materials after the adsorption were desorbed using acid-salt method and the adsorption capacity was further tested. The results showed that the adsorption capacity toward As(Ⅲ)，As(Ⅴ) and F^- was 0.026, 0.11 and 3.8 mg/g-LDH, respectively, and the main adsorption mechanisms of MgAl-NO₃-LDH were the ion exchange. After regeneration the uptake amount toward As(Ⅲ) was found to be reduced to 0.014 mg/g-LDH, but that toward As(Ⅴ) was still high (0.099 mg/g-LDH).

Observational Study on Characteristics of Air Pollutants and Causes of Pollution Episodes during 2014 APEC in Different Function Areas in Tianjin

WEI Jinlai, WANG Hao, GAO Jian, WANG Shulan, CHAI Fahe

2016, 6(1): 26-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.004

Abstract(1321) PDF(784KB)(484)

Abstract:
In order to investigate the effect of the mitigation measures implemented to improve the air quality in Tianjin during 2014 APEC, the air pollution was observed in three monitoring stations in different urban function areas. Using the observed data, the air quality situation and the change of air pollutant concentrations between the same period of 2013 and 2014, and between during- and post-conference periods were compared. The change of ratios among different species was compared as well. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to analyze the origins and transporting process of air pollutants during typical pollution episodes. Results showed that the air quality in urban area of Tianjin during 2014 APEC was significantly improved in comparison with that in the same period of 2013, where the average concentrations of NO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂ and CO were respectively reduced by 20.3%, 41.2%, 23.6%, 52.2% and 6.9%. However, because of the impaction from transported polluted air masses, the air quality of background site was worse than that in 2013.

Research Progress of Indoor Radon Pollution in Dwellings

TIAN Rong, LIU Yingyun

2016, 6(1): 35-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.006

Abstract(1836) PDF(824KB)(1521)

Abstract:
In order to prevent and mitigate indoor radon pollution effectively in existing dwellings, the research progress at home and abroad was reviewed from the aspects of pollution status, polluting sources, effects on human health, related control standards and radon mitigation strategies, etc. It is shown that the levels of indoor radon pollution in dwellings of most cities and areas in China have been rising in recent years, mainly due to the building and decoration materials. There exist much different radon levels among foreign countries with different geologies. The indoor radon pollution in dwellings has strong carcinogenic effect on human body and has double risk with smoking. A series of indoor radon control standards and mitigation strategies have been established in China, North Europe and North America. Finally, researches of indoor radon pollution in dwellings at home and abroad were concluded and suggestions on further researches in indoor radon pollution were put forward.

Research on Environmental Impacts of Multi-silicon Wafer Based on Life Cycle Assessment

XIE Minghui, RUAN Jiuli, QIAO Qi, LI Hailing, WANG Wenjing, Lü Fang, ZHANG Jia

2016, 6(1): 72-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.011

Abstract(1902) PDF(1487KB)(1223)

Abstract:
The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to examine the environmental impacts in the life cycle of multi-silicon wafer, based on Chinese Endpoint Damage Model (CEDM). The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from site investigations and questionnaires. It showed that from the end-point of environmental impacts, the damage to human health presented the largest contribution to life cycle environmental impacts of multi-silicon wafer, which accounted for 70.21% of the total environmental impacts. However, the damage to depletion of resources and ecosystem quality was 26.22% and 3.51%, respectively. From the point of environmental factors, solar-grade poly-silicon consumption was the highest of all, accounting for 70.83%, followed by electric power consumption, silicon carbide and polyethylene glycol consumption, accounted for 19.44% and 7.62%, respectively. The environmental impacts of emission from cut process only accounted for 0.07% of whole life cycle environmental impacts. The first measure to reduce environmental impacts should be decrease in raw material consumption, and secondly reduction in energy saving and waste recycling. Compared with the average level in Europe, the environmental impacts in China were slightly higher, which was caused by raw material (solar-grade poly-silicon).

Research Progress of Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Amendment of Different Electron Acceptors

HOU Xiaopeng, LI Chunhua, YE Chun, XU Shihong, ZHENG Xiangyong

2016, 6(1): 78-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.012

Abstract(1983) PDF(390KB)(641)

Abstract:
As an essential material in microbial metabolism, the electron acceptors have a very important impact on the number of microorganisms of various types and their ability to biodegrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The impact of different electron acceptors on the microbial degradation of PAHs was analyzed. The microorganism types and degradation approaches of aerobic biodegradation, with oxygen as electron acceptor, were summarized. In terms of anaerobic biodegradation, a review of research progress was provided for different electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, Fe (Ⅲ) or Mn (Ⅳ) and carbonate. The existing problems in the research on microbial degradation of PAHs were briefed and the prospects of future development provided.

Study on Imported Waste Management Directory

YU Hongjin, ZHOU Bingyan, JU Hongyan, LI Shuyuan, ZHENG Yang, WANG Jianyuan

2016, 6(1): 85-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.013

Abstract(1752) PDF(317KB)(359)

Abstract:
The imported waste management directory is a basic system of imported waste management in China. The development process of the directory was sorted out, and the formulation principles, the range of application and the differential management system based on environmental pollution risks were introduced. Meanwhile, the problems of exsiting imported waste management directory were dicussed, including congenital deficiency of the directory design and lack of rigorous procedure and methods for dynamic adjustment. It was suggested that relevant departments determine as soon as possible the procedures and principles for imported waste directory adjustment and explore new waste directory management modes.

Situation and Prospect of Soil Arsenic Pollution and Its Remediation Techniques at Home and Abroad

JI Dongli, MENG Fansheng, XUE Hao, GUO Jinhui, WANG Yeyao, YANG Qi

2016, 6(1): 90-99. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.014

Abstract(2384) PDF(346KB)(762)

Abstract:
The current status of the arsenic polluted soil at home and abroad was summarized. The research progress and advantages and disadvantages of the remediation techniques, including solidification/stabilization, soil washing, electrokinetic remediation, bioremediation, phytoremediation and agro-ecological restoration, were discussed. Meanwhile, prospects of arsenic pollution in soil were proposed: influencing factors and mechanism under arsenic contaminated soil remediation need to be researched and explored at higher level, new remediation techniques need to be developed, and the research and application of the combined remediation technologies need to be attached importance to.

Uncertainties Evaluation on Reference Material of Kepone Solution in Methanol

WANG Wei, DONG Jinbin, YANG Gang, ZHAO Yaxian, FANG Liping, TIAN Wen

2016, 6(1): 100-104. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.01.015

Abstract(1859) PDF(739KB)(1213)

Abstract:
The preparation process of certified reference material of kepone in methanol was described. The homogeneity and stability analysis of the raw material of kepone was conducted by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The uncertainties caused in the whole producing processes of the reference material were analyzed and evaluated, with comparison of measurement quantity with similar reference materials in foreign countries. The results showed that the certified reference materials are of homogeneity compared with foreign ones, stable for 18 months, and can be used in the environmental monitoring.

2016 Vol. 6, No. 1

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