2016 Vol. 6, No. 6

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2016 Vol.6, No.6
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Air Pollution Control Technology
Development and Preliminary Application of Forecasting System of Realtime Fine Particulate Origin over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area
XU Jun, HE Youjiang, DANG Hongyan, HE Duanshi, DU Xiaohui, GONG Anbao, DAI Xuezhi, TANG Wei, LIU Shijie
2016, 6(6): 523-531. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.076
Abstract(3070) PDF(3918KB)(1050)
Abstract:
The forecasting system of pollutant origins was established based on numerical model of regional air quality and tagging technology of emission sources. It realized the realtime forecasting of pollutant origins over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. To cope with the urgent time restriction in forecasting, a series of special designs were made in emission preprocessing, source apportionment prediction and automatic routine operation. These included developing the fast emission preprocessing technology, determining the solution of source apportionment according to regions and sectors by trial calculation, compiling and running the regional air quality model via a hybrid usage of two mainstream solutions of parallel computation, and designing a distributed solution to handle multiple tasks in routine forecasting running for sufficient use of computation resources. All of the optimization measures effectively reduced the time of forecast runs. At present, the forecasting system is in routine operation stage. It predicts the air quality for the 3 days ahead and the origins of major pollutants according to regions and sectors each day before 0800LCT. The system had been applied in some big events, such as for the air quality guarantee and post-assessment for the period of victory parade of war against Japan , the pre-warning of severe air pollution from the end of November to the early of December, 2015.
Comparative Analysis of Air Environmental Quality during 2014-2015 in Guanzhong Area
DONG Yawei, LI Yangyang, DU Tao, TANG Xiaowei, MA Zhen
2016, 6(6): 532-538. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.077
Abstract(2139) PDF(1881KB)(1428)
Abstract:
Air quality and its trend during 2014-2015 were analyzed based on the monitoring data of six air pollutants of six districts in Guanzhong area. The analysis results showed that as the whole year was concerned, PM2.5 was the major pollutant, followed by PM10, NO2 and O3, exhibiting the complex pollution characteristics dominated with particulate pollution. The monthly change feature of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO concentrations were highest in winter and lowest in summer, while the feature of O3 was highest in summer and lowest in winter. For each city of the Guanzhong area, the air quality comprehensive index in 2015 was lower than that in 2014. However, the average percentage of days that the air quality meets the Level Ⅱ of National Air Quality Standard in the Guanzhong area is only 71.9%, indicating the status of still severe air pollution. The reduction of emissions in SO2, NOx and smoke (powder) dust in the Guanzhong area during 2015 played an important role in air quality improvement, and the air quality was more likely to be directly influenced by the meteorological conditions during the winter heating season.
Water Pollution Control Technology
Kinetics and Process Characteristics of Hydrolysis-acidogenosis Wastewater as Denitrification Carbon Source
GUO Xiaoya, NIAN Yuegang, YAN Haihong, YIN Qin, GAO Peng
2016, 6(6): 539-546. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.078
Abstract(1691) PDF(3823KB)(1493)
Abstract:
In the treatment of starch wastewater, the hydrolysis-acidogenosis wastewater can be used as a potential carbon source in the process of denitrification. Not only the problem of carbon source shortage in denitrification process can be solved, but also the resource utilization of wastewater can be achieved. The optimal conditions were determined through orthogonal experiments as follows: the temperature was 40 ℃, pH was 7, C/N ratio was 7. The denitrification rates of the carbon sources were 4.66～14.22 mg/(g•h) (calculated by NO3--N) under the optimal conditions. The methods of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC were utilized to analyze the denitrification process. Three kinds of fluorescence components could be identified in the system. Component 1 (225, 275nm/350nm) and component 3 (220, 275 nm/335 nm) were tryptophan-like substance. Component 2 (230, 275nm/305nm) was tyrosine-like substance. The fluorescence intensity of component 1 and component 2 increased at first and then decreased, and both of their fluorescence peaks disappeared finally. The fluorescence intensity of component 3 was negatively correlated with that of component 1. A trend of total fluorescence intensity first increasing and then decreasing was showed with the time.
Feasibility Study on Modified A2O Process to Upgrade and Reconstruct Shenyang Degremont Anoxic Oxic Process
ZHAO Rong, ZHENG Tao, SUN Chen, WANG Siyu, GUO Pengxiang, TIAN Zhiyong, XIANG Liancheng, LI Haibo
2016, 6(6): 547-552. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.079
Abstract(1367) PDF(2403KB)(1262)
Abstract:
Based on the 200 000 t/d Shenyang Degremont Anoxic Oxic process (SDAO) of Guodian Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant, the primary settling tank and the sludge recovery zone in SDAO process were transformed to anaerobic zone and pre-anoxic zone in modified A2O process. The pollutants removal performances of the modified A2O process were investigated. The results showed that the modified A2O process effluent of TN, NH4+-N, TP and CODCr was 11.8, 1.34 0.17 and 31.7 mg/L, when influent temperature, COD/TN ratio, CODCr, TN and TP were around (12.2±0.5)℃, 4.0-6.0, 200 mg/L, 35.9 mg/L and 3.05 mg/L with adding sodium acetate (CODCr of 50 mg/L). Modified A2O process removal performance of CODCr and NH4+-N was similar to SDAO process. However, TN removal ratio in the modified A2O process could increase from 35.5% to 67.8% compared with the SDAO process. Moreover, TP removal ratio in the modified A2O process could increase to 94.3% by contrast with incompetent TP removal performance of SDAO process. In the condition without reconstruction of pre-anoxic zone and anaerobic zone it was able to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance obviously.
Treatment Status and Pollution Control Suggestions for Membrane Concentrated Leachate in China
AI Hengyu, MENG Bangbang, LI Na, YU Zhebin, HUANG Qifei, TIAN Shulei
2016, 6(6): 553-558. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.080
Abstract(1762) PDF(1159KB)(1944)
Abstract:
Membrane filtration concentrated leachate is the by-product during treating landfill leachate by membrane technology. Compared with landfill leachate, it contains a higher concentration of organic pollutants, inorganic salts and metal ions, with poor biodegradability, and can result in more serious secondary pollution if without proper disposal. The typical treatment processes of membrane concentrated leachate at home and broad were analyzed, and the treatment effects, existing problems and current situation of engineering application of different processes, such as recharge, advanced oxidation, evaporation and “pretreatment + advanced oxidation + advanced treatment”, were discussed. According to the actual investigations, the safe disposal of membrane concentrated leachate in China was still at an early stage. Meanwhile, engineering application technologies, like advanced oxidation, submerged combustion evaporation (SCE) and mechanical vapor recompression (MVC/MVR) were only at laboratory or pilot scale. In order to ensure the safe disposal of concentrated leachate effectively, it was recommended that the concentrated leachate productions need to be reduced from the source; the existing processing techniques of concentrated leachate need to be improved and perfected; the resource utilization technology of concentrated leachate need to be developed; the secondary pollutants of the treatment of concentrated leachate need to be treated properly.
Soil Pollution Control Technology
Development and Application of Ex-situ Thermal Desorption Technology in Organic Pollutants Contaminated Field Remediation
YANG Yong, HUANG Hai, CHEN Meiping, LI Peng, NIU Jing, ZHANG Wen, XU Feng, HE Yunfei, TIAN Libin, DU Wei
2016, 6(6): 559-570. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.081
Abstract(1614) PDF(1839KB)(1780)
Abstract:
Thermal desorption technology is efficient, rapid and with strong adaptability for various pollutants and contaminated sites, and has been widely used in foreign remediation projects. Although this technology started late in China, the development of related researches and engineering applications is rapid. The principles, application scopes, classifications and influencing factors of thermal desorption technology were introduced. The development process of the technology and equipment as well as the industrialization status in foreign markets summarized. The development and application characteristics of this technology and the engineering application status of self-developed equipment in China were analyzed, and the technical bottlenecks and industrialization barriers pointed out. The future development directions and some advices were given in order to solve the existing problems.
Assessment on Joint Toxic Effects of Combined Pollution of 1,4-DCB and Cd on Enzyme Activities in Millimeter Rhizosphere
SUN Fuhong, ZHOU Qixing, CHEN Yanqing
2016, 6(6): 571-578. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.082
Abstract(1406) PDF(2140KB)(1062)
Abstract:
The single and joint toxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds 1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB) and heavy metal Cd on the activities of urease and dehydrogenase in the millimeter rhizosphere were investigated through rhizobox culture experiments. The interactions modes between 1,4-DCB and Cd were further analyzed and assessed based on the mathematical models. The results showed that the occurrence of 1,4-DCB inhibited dehydrogenase activities, but enhanced urease activities in the millimeter rhizosphere of soybean, compared with the control. Single stress of lower concentrations of 1,4-DCB reduced the activities of dehydrogenase and urease in the millimeter rhizosphere of wheat, while higher levels of 1,4-DCB promoted the activities of dehydrogenase and urease in the near-millimeter rhizosphere of wheat. The single stress of lower concentrations of Cd promoted the activities of dehydrogenase while the stress of higher concentrations of Cd inhibited the activities of dehydrogenase in the millimeter rhizosphere of soybean. The activities of urease in the millimeter rhizosphere of soybean increased with the increasing concentration of Cd. The single treatments of Cd inhibited the activities of dehydrogenase and urease in the millimeter rhizosphere of wheat, compared with the control. The changes of the activities of dehydrogenase and urease in the millimeter rhizosphere with distances were complicated under the pollution of 1,4-DCB and Cd. Generally, the stress of 1,4-DCB and Cd resulted in the increases of urease activities in near-rhizosphere (1 mm) of soybean and the decreases of dehydrogenase activities in root compartment and near-rhizosphere (1 and 2 mm) of wheat. The interactive modes of 1,4-DCB and Cd on enzymes activities in the millimeter rhizosphere depended on their concentration combinations, crop species, distances of millimeter rhizosphere and enzyme types.
Watershed Pollution Control Technology
Water Quality Pollution Characteristics and Pollution Source of Wulie River Basin
ZHOU Lian, AN Da, WANG Yue, YANG Yanmei, TANG Jun, AN Zhimin, CHEN Xiaozhi
2016, 6(6): 579-584. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.083
Abstract(1689) PDF(1164KB)(1451)
Abstract:
Based on the monthly monitoring data of 23 water quality indexes of Wulie River basin in 2014, a comprehensive water quality evaluation was performed using single-factor assessment and comprehensive evaluation index method. Utilizing principle component analysis (PCA), the main pollution indicators in the river basin and the regional spatial variation characteristics of the water quality were determined. Furthermore, the pollution sources in the basin were analyzed. According to the results, the water quality of upper tributaries was in Class Ⅱ, the water quality of monitoring sections S1 and S3 in main stream was in Class Ⅲ, and that of monitoring sections S2 and S4 in main stream was in Class Ⅳ. The main pollution indicators were BOD5 and TP. The PCA results showed that PC1 included COD Cr and CODMn, the PC2 included NH3-N, DO and BOD5. There were four main pollution sources including domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural fertilizer and pesticide inputs, and livestock and poultry raising waste.
Research Progress of Nitrogen Transformation in Constructed Wetlands in Response to Water-level Change
GUO Shilin, YE Chun, LI Chunhua, XU Shihong
2016, 6(6): 585-590. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.084
Abstract(1314) PDF(857KB)(1073)
Abstract:
The major nitrogen transformation pathways in constructed wetlands include nitrification and denitrification of microbe, plant uptake and adsorption by substrate. As an important aspect of hydrological processes, water-level change can directly or indirectly affect the quality and quantity of nitrogen in various forms. The nitrogen transformation mechanism and influence factors of constructed wetlands were expounded, and the relevant research achievements of the wetland plants' morphological characteristics and growth, the physical and chemical properties (DO, pH, Eh), and the intensity of microorganism nitrification and denitrification in response to water-level changes in wetland were summarized. The problems existing in previous studies were pointed out and some suggestions put forward, including strengthening researches on the influence of different water-level change modes (such as change range and period) on nitrogen transformation in various forms in the constructed wetlands, and increasing the nitrogen removal effect through improving plant growth and enhancing the intensity of microorganism nitrification and denitrification with water level control.
The Influence of Bulrush Litter Decomposition on Water Quality
QI Pengyu, LIU Jinming
2016, 6(6): 591-599. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.085
Abstract(2057) PDF(3136KB)(1241)
Abstract:
Decomposition experiment of the litter of emergent aquatic plant bulrush was carried out to investigate the influence of the decomposition process on the water quality under different dosage of the bulrush litter. Meanwhile, the effect of sediment addition on the decomposition process was also studied. The results showed that the water quality was greatly changed during the decomposition process of bulrush litter, resulting in the decrease of pH and DO, and the increase of TOC, TN, NH3-N, NO3--N, NO2--N and TP at different level. When 0.4 g/L of bulrush litter was added, the lowest value of pH and DO in the water reached 5.13 and 3.11 mg/L respectively which were both lower than the initial values (7.78 and 8.17 mg/L). Moreover, TOC, TN, NH3-N, NO3--N, NO2--N and TP reached 28.67, 2.21, 1.43, 0.61, 0.28 and 0.28 mg/L respectively, which were all higher than the initial values (0). Additionally, the change scope of water quality with sediment addition was obviously smaller than that without sediment during the decomposition process. Therefore, the decomposition of bulrush litter should be proceeded with sediment addition.
Industry pollution control technology
Study on Optimization of Industrial Distribution under the Constraints of Water Resources and Water Environment: A Case Study of Tieling City
WU Na, FU Zeqiang, WU Jia, XIE Yuanyuan, CHI Minghui
2016, 6(6): 600-606. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.086
Abstract(1401) PDF(3297KB)(1246)
Abstract:
Based on the constraint mechanism of water ecological function to industrial distribution, the water ecological constraints were decomposed into water resources constraint and water environmental constraint. A water ecological constraint zoning index system was constructed, covering not only baseline factors of water resources and water environment, but also stress factors of water resources and water environment produced by industrial distribution. A water ecological constraint zoning method was also presented. Taken Tieling city as an example, water ecological zoning was carried out by applying the index system. The city was divided into five types of water ecological constraint zones, including high water resources constraint and high water environmental constraint, medium water resources constraint and medium water environmental constraint, low water resources constraint and high water environmental constraint, low water resources constraint and medium water environmental constraint, and low water resources constraint and low water environmental constraint. Finally, industrial distribution optimization countermeasures were proposed on different types of restricted, upgraded and encouraged industries and industrial development focuses at different water ecological constraint zones.
Study on Evaluation of Land Carrying Capacity of Xiamen Port Planning
ZHANG Zhimiao, SUN Jinhua, WANG Wei, DENG Xiaodong, ZHANG Chengxiang
2016, 6(6): 607-612. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.087
Abstract(1283) PDF(1753KB)(1287)
Abstract:
Urban areas of influence of port development and construction are mainly concentrated near the ports, which result in the development of port-neighboring industry. In the process of constructing and developing of ports, the occupation of land resources especially the ecological land causes the contradiction between the construction land demand and ecological land, and leads to short supply of land resources. Taking the Xiamen port area and the terrestrial scope of 10 kilometers behind it as the study region, the method of ecological suitability evaluation of construction land was adopted to obtain the area and distribution of suitable, barely appropriate and inappropriate lands, considering the land ecological attributes and regardless of function changes of the lands that had been developed. Results show that the rest area of suitable, barely appropriate and inappropriate lands is respectively 185.43, 61.56, 174.75 square kilometers. The construction and development intensity of study region is great, and especially the land carrying capacity of Xiamen urban area is weak; so it is not suitable for more large-scale development and construction.
Application of Fuzzy Mathematics Method on Establishment of Clean Production Evaluation Index System in Baotou Mixed Rare Earths Concentrate Enterprises
HU Xuewen, SUN Fuhong, SHAO Zhuqiang, LI Yanping, OUYANG Zhaobin, QIAO Qi, BAI Weinan
2016, 6(6): 613-620. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.088
Abstract(1450) PDF(773KB)(1287)
Abstract:
The reasonable classification of evaluation indexes is a problem for the establishment of the index system of cleaner production. The fuzzy mathematics assessment method was used for indicator classification in the establishment of clean production evaluation index system of Baotou mixed rare earths concentrate industry. The results show that, instead of comparison among single indicators, the holistic assessment combines indicators of production process and equipment, resource and energy consumption, pollutants generation, product characteristics and cleaner production management, presents an integrated result by the fuzzy subordination, and obtains synthetic ordering of multiple evaluation objects. This kind of method makes the grading result more scientific, rational and objective, which is practical for the establishment of clean production evaluation index systems in other industries.
Environmental Risk Assessment and Management Technology
Study on Problems and Countermeasures of Land Space Development and Utilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
QI Fan, JIA Kejing, WANG Wei
2016, 6(6): 621-628. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.089
Abstract(1332) PDF(4055KB)(1283)
Abstract:
The problems of land exploitation and utilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) were studied. The statistical analysis method was adopted to systematically analyze the problems of land exploitation and utilization in the YREB, such as tightening restriction of resources and environment, conspicuous structural contradiction of land space, low efficiency of development and utilization, declining spatial functions and so on. It was thus proposed that the optimization of the land development and utilization of the YREB should consider the long-term interests of the Chinese nation, with the aim of building the pattern of spatial agglomeration development and the pattern of classified protection. The national spatial development pattern should be optimized based on the carrying capacity, the land function be strengthen by classified protection and comprehensive improvement, the land use efficiency be promoted through economical and intensive utilization, and the regional land use be coordinated with regional co-ordination strategy, so as to realize the idea of building up intensive and efficient, ecological environment good and harmony development land use.
Study on Calculation Method and Applicability of Total Amount Discharge Permit based on Discharge Standards of Water Pollutants
WEI Yuxia, ZHANG Minghui, HU Linlin, HAN Mei, CHEN Yanqing
2016, 6(6): 629-635. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.090
Abstract(1599) PDF(850KB)(1194)
Abstract:
The pollutant discharge permit system, served as a core policy for the environmental management of stationary point sources, will be entirely established and implemented in China, and the task is very urgent. The existing discharge standards provide the requirements of discharge concentration, water quantity or discharge load of water pollutants. Whether the total discharge amount permit can be built up based on the discharge standards was discussed. The theory basis, primary formulae, applicability, advantage and disadvantage of the method were systematically studied, and pulp and paper industry was taken as an example to estimate the total amount discharge amount permit. It was shown that the total amount discharge amount permit based on discharge standards of water pollutants is a scientific, effective and practical method. It is very helpful for the implementation of discharge permit system, and can be used as the reference value of total discharge permit and therefore improve the environmental management efficiency and pollution control capability in China.
Application and Enlightenment of Whole Effluent Toxicity for Toxics Control in United States
WANG Hongyang, ZHAO Xin, QU Chao, YU Ruozhen, HU Hongying, LI Min, ZHAO Lina, WANG Haiyan, QIAN Xiaoping
2016, 6(6): 636-644. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.06.091
Abstract(1522) PDF(1535KB)(1529)
Abstract:
The situation of Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) development history and relevant government documents published in the United States were briefly introduced. The application methods of WET for water toxics control in the United States were discussed in details, including defining water quality criteria and standards for WET, characterizing effluent thus evaluating reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an excursion above water quality criteria or standards, calculating WET permit limits, conducting Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) and so on. For all these works, the United States have established scientific methodology. It presents important reference meanings for water toxics control and management in China, including clarifying the importance of discharging permits and thus improving the regulation systems of water pollutants control and management, establishing water quality-based pollutants control and management systems and methodologies, strengthening WET monitoring and setting up methodologies of toxics control using WET.

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