2017 Vol. 7, No. 4

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2017 Vol.7, No.4
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Water pollution control and integrated demonstration of water ecosystem recovery technology in Dongjiang River Basin
XU Zhencheng, ZENG Fantang, CHEN Jianyu, GUO Qingwei, YING Guangguo, HU Yongyou, YANG Yang, ZHA Jinmiao, SONG Qianwu, LI Debo, ZHAO Xuemin, ZHUO Qiongfang, GOU Ting
2017, 7(4): 393-404. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.055
Abstract(1382) PDF(1500KB)(1395)
Abstract:
The main research achievements of the Dongjiang River Project in the National Water Pollution Control and Management of Science and Technology Major Program (Major Water Program) over the period from 2008 to 2013 were summarized. Aiming at national demand for protecting high-quality water, the Dongjiang River basin was chosen for the research and demonstration of prospective water pollution control technologies. A technical system for water quality risk ide.pngication of water source basin was established, including real-time on-line operation of routine water quality indicators, ide.pngication, screening and optimization of trace pollutant control indicators, and multi-attribute full process of biological toxicity index ide.pngication, etc. An engineering technical system for water quality risk control was created, including detoxification technologies for various types of wastewater, centralized intensive processing technologies for homogenous wastewater, and continuous purification technologies for drainage. Moreover, a technical system for ecological health maintenance was established, including the growth state rating of various species, habitat restoration and restoration of key damaged links of the aquatic organisms chain. The three technical systems were integrated to form a river basin water environmental risk control system set. Based on the technical innovation, the overall strategy of water source basin management of "control risk, maintain ecology, keep water fresh and develop sustainably" was put forward. The technical system and strategy were demonstrated and applied in the Dongjiang River basin, and guaranteeing the achievement of the water quality objective better than the Class Ⅱ in the main stream of Dongjiang River finally.
Development of urban water management regulation in Germany: drinking water supply and sewage treatment
KÖCK Wolfgang, WANG Haiyan, WANG Qingjun, SHEN Baixin
2017, 7(4): 405-417. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.056
Abstract(1338) PDF(872KB)(914)
Abstract:
The legal regulation of drinking water supply and sewage treatment belongs to the core field of municipal water management and is an important part of water management. "Human rights to water" with permanent protection of drinking water supply as the core content has become the focus of discussion, especially at the international and EU level. The article begins with an overview of the development of water management laws in Germany, which ensures an order of supervision in public law. Despite the change of Water Law to water environmental quality compliance being influenced by the EU Water Framework Directive, the drinking water supply and sewage treatment is still one of the core contents in Germany. At the EU level, the Municipal Sewage Directive and the Drinking Water Directive provide specifications for these two areas, in addition to the Water Framework Directive. At the German level, first of all, the organization of water supply and sewage treatment is assessed from the centralized and decentralized development trend and the privatization trend for the guarantee of efficiency. Secondly, the development of German Water Law and the licensing system as the core of water regulation under the reform of federalism are introduced. Then, in the field of sewage supervision, the best available technology of sewage discharge permits, direct and indirect discharges, sewage charges and sludge treatment are analyzed respectively. At last, two aspects of water source protection and drinking water supply are introduced in drinking water supply areas, and the challenges of the field of water regulation in Germany pointed out.
Study on black carbon aerosol simulation of climate effect in China
GUAN Panbo, SHI Huading, GAO Qingxian, DU Wupeng, ZHENG Huihui, ZHANG Qiang
2017, 7(4): 418-423. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.057
Abstract(864) PDF(6583KB)(1144)
Abstract:
The accuracy of the RegCM model simulation has been verified for the regional climate elements in many studies in China. However, the default data sources of the system usually lack the localized characteristics, especially for the aerosol emission inventory. The biomass sources have seasonal variability, whereas the anthropogenic sources are fixed unchanged, which greatly neglect the aerosol climate effects of the anthropogenic sources. The climate effect of anthropogenic black carbon aerosol was compared and analyzed under different scenarios, applying the emission source inventory (calculated by MEIC model). The results showed that the addition of black carbon aerosol could significantly change the radiative forcing, temperature, rainfall and black carbon aerosol column contents in China, with obvious seasonal variation characteristics. With the variation of seasons, different climatic factors had different increase/decrease tendency: the temperature increased from south to north areas; the rainfall increased in south areas and decreased in north areas; and the black carbon aerosol column was centered on the southern industrial agglomeration areas.
Comparison on different sintering flue gas purification technologies based on life cycle assessment
WEI Jinchao, LI Junjie, KANG Jiangang
2017, 7(4): 424-432. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.058
Abstract(1075) PDF(2381KB)(792)
Abstract:
Emission of sintering process is one of the main sources in iron and steel enterprises. Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies of activated carbon and combination of purification technologies of semi-dry desulfurization and SCR denitrification are two mature solutions to the comprehensive purification of sintering flue gas. The method of life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to synthetically evaluate the two kinds of flue gas purification technologies employed by one steel enterprise. The distribution of energy consumption, resource depletion index and environmental impact load were obtained by collecting energy consumption, resource consumption and pollution emission inventory of the both methods. The results showed that the activated carbon method has more obvious advantages than semi-dry + SCR method, with its energy consumption and resource consuming indicators accounting for 68.38% and 59.33% of the latter. The two methods had little gap in the aspect of environmental impact, and the environmental impact load of the activated carbon method is slightly less than semi-dry + SCR method. Finally, based on the results of LCA, some suggestions were put forward to provide a reference for the flue gas purification engineering of iron and steel enterprises. Comprehensively considering the LCA results of two kinds of technologies, activated carbon method had greater advantages than semi-dry + SCR method in term of energy consumption, material consumption and environmental impact.
Study on mass concentration distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 on urban roads based on mobile monitoring
ZHOU Yan, TAN Hongwei, HU Tingting, DUAN Yusen
2017, 7(4): 433-441. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.059
Abstract(1109) PDF(11557KB)(745)
Abstract:
In order to understand the distribution and influencing factors of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration in different neighbourhoods and road environments, the data of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration and water film height collected from different functional blocks during July 14 th to July 16 th, 2016 were analyzed. The result showed that the rainfall helped decrease the concentration of PM2.5 in the ambient environment, and there was a negative correlation between the water film height and particulate matter concentration. Fine particle pollutants predominated in the particulates of residential areas and Hongqiao business district. In addition, due to the impact of the construction sites and road dust, there were serious coarse particle pollutants somewhere in Hongqiao business district and industrial areas. The pollution in Lujiazui business district was slight because the diffusion condition was fine and there were no serious polluting blocks. According to the measurement results, not all the viaducts will deteriorate the air quality in the street canyons, and the viaducts will have little effect on the diffusion of pollutants in the street canyon if the structure of the street canyon is reasonable.
Application study on ecological purification and water quality maintenance processes of landscape water
DING Yixuan, LI Xing, YANG Yanling, WANG Nan, LIU Yongwang, ZHAO Li
2017, 7(4): 442-450. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.060
Abstract(2012) PDF(11900KB)(371)
Abstract:
This study investigated the effect of physicochemical technology (oxygen filling, filtration) and ecological technology (aquatic plant pond, ecological oxidation pond, surface flow wetland) on landscape water purification and maintenance, compared the characteristics of different purification processes and evaluated the purification effects of various process units, based on the actual ecological purification engineering of the water quality maintenance of landscape water. The results demonstrated that the aeration/filtration, aquatic plant pond, ecological oxidation pond and surface flow wetland all had obvious water purification effects, the aeration/filtration unit had the best turbidity removal effect while the surface flow wetland, ecological oxidation pond and aquatic plant pond had the better removal effects on the organic pollutants and nutrients; the seasonality and water temperature had significant impact on the purification efficiency. Comparing different ecological purification processes, it was indicated that the aeration/filtration - aquatic plant pond - surface flow wetland had better removal effects on turbidity while the aeration/filtration - ecological oxidation pond - surface flow wetland had better removal effects on the organic pollutants and nutrients. During the time of stable operation, the average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, chlorophyll-a, TN, TP of the two sets of ecological purification processes were 43.14% and 35.45%, 24.77% and 27.77%, 17.72% and 24.06%, 29.94% and 36.65%, 22.63% and 33.60%, respectively.
Degradation mechanisms of sulfadiazine in aqueous solution by ozonation
WANG Peiliang, QIAN Feng, SONG Yonghui, GOU Xiying
2017, 7(4): 451-456. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.061
Abstract(1283) PDF(1728KB)(998)
Abstract:
The harm of antibiotics in the environment is of great concern to the ecological environment. The degradation of sulfadiazine (SD) by ozone was studied. The effects of pH, ozone concentration and HC O 3 - concentration on the degradation of SD were investigated, and the degradation mechanisms were also analyzed. The results showed that the initial pH, the ozone concentration and HC O 3 - all had effects on the SD degradation process, and the initial pH, the ozone concentration and HC O 3 - concentration could increase the degradation rate of SD. At initial pH of 9.14, SD concentration of 30 mg/L, ozone concentration of 10.0 mg/L and HC O 3 - dosage of 100 mg/L, the SD was primarily removed after a reaction time of 30 min and finally reached a mineralization rate of 39.44% at 120 min. The SD process of ozone degradation was basically in accordance with pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that, in the course of ozone oxidation, the formation of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (C6H7NO3S) was produced and being further oxidized by ozone and finally mineralized to form CO2.
Lab and pilot study on treatment of volatile organic compounds contaminated underground water with air stripping method
XU Feng, HUANG Hai, YANG Yong, WANG Yuyu, NIU Jing, CAO Chengcheng, ZHANG Wen, QU Zhihui, CHEN Meiping
2017, 7(4): 457-462. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.062
Abstract(1434) PDF(1479KB)(760)
Abstract:
The effects of different gas-water ratios on the removal efficiency of three typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene and chloroform, in underground water were evaluated with air stripping tower in laboratory. Results showed that the removal efficiencies were above 89%, 93% and 95% for 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene and chloroform, respectively, under the condition of 20 ℃ and gas-water ratio of 60∶1. Base on the laboratory study, an enlarged stripping tower was designed and used for pilot study on the influences of gas-water ratio, water temperature, VOCs concentration and different VOCs compounds on the removal efficiency. The pilot study results indicated that gas-water ratio and water temperature significantly influenced the removal efficiency of the three VOC compounds. Under the condition of 20 ℃ and gas-water ratio of 75∶1, the removal efficiencies of 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene and chloroform were all higher than 99.7%, which reached the design target values. The off-gas from stripping tower was treated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) low temperature plasma plus granular activated carbon (GAC).
Remediation technology optimization for groundwater contamination of municipal solid waste landfill
ZHANG Shikuan, WANG Yue, AN Da, ZHANG Boqiang, ZHOU Lian, LAI Jian, TU Ting
2017, 7(4): 463-469. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.063
Abstract(1110) PDF(1631KB)(1089)
Abstract:
Comprehensively considering local socio-economic conditions, groundwater vulnerability and pollutant characteristics and other factors, and learning from environmental remediation experience of domestic and foreign groundwater pollution sites, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to establish the optimization index system of remediation technologies. Then a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model was adopted to sort the groundwater pollution remediation technologies, and establish a screening model of groundwater pollution remediation technologies. For this purpose, an applied research on a simple landfill site in Hubei Province was carried out. The results show that extraction treatment and in-situ microbial remediation technologies are more practical among the five alternative technologies of groundwater remediation applicable to this landfill site, including technologies of monitored natural attenuation, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), multi-phase extraction (MPE), pump-and-treat systems (P & T) and in-situ microbial remediation. Based on the specific site conditions, groundwater pollution control requirements and distribution of nearby receptors of this landfill site, the optimal remediation scheme is determined as follows: P&T and in-situ microbial remediation technology should both apply to areas with risk of high pollution while the monitored natural attenuation technology should be adopted for areas with risk of low pollution.
Calculation of water environmental capacity in Tieling based on different design hydrological conditions
PENG Jiayu, LEI Kun, QIAO Fei, ZHOU Gang, ZHANG Xin, HAO Chenlin, WANG Shuyi
2017, 7(4): 470-476. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.064
Abstract(1228) PDF(2688KB)(865)
Abstract:
Water environment capacity (WEC) is an important theoretical basis of total pollutant control, and the selection of the design hydrological condition is the key step to calculate the WEC. A steady state model of water quality in Tieling section of the Liaohe River Basin was built, and the WEC of Tieling control unit was calculated under 30B3, 4B3, 7Q10, 30Q10 design hydrological conditions. Under the 30B3 and 30Q10 design hydrological conditions, the WEC of COD was 8 048.74 and 9 658.49 t/a, respectively, while that of ammonia nitrogen was 549.15 and 658.97 t/a, respectively. Under the 4B3 and 7Q10 design hydrological conditions, the WEC of ammonia nitrogen was 439.33 and 494.26 t/a, respectively. The WEC calculated by traditional hydrological method is similar with the result of ecological security method, but the daily flow guarantee rate of traditional hydrological method is relative low, which leads to the increase of pollution prevention and control risk. According to the calculation result of WEC and pollution load discharge into the river, the development of Tieling City has exceeded the water environment carrying capacity. In order to increase the pollution carry capacity and achieve the pollution prevention objectives, it is imperative to optimize the adjustment capacity of the reservoirs and rationally allocate the water resources.
Pilot-scale study on food waste by combined processes of new-type breaking and squeezing pretreatment and consolidated bio-processing (CBP)
LEI Yongkang, XIONG Chunjiang, JIANG Sujun, LIN Jianghai, LIU Zehuan
2017, 7(4): 477-482. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.065
Abstract(1247) PDF(802KB)(1134)
Abstract:
The new-type breaking and squeezing equipment and combined oil-liquid-sludge separation technology with consolidated bio-processing (CBP) were used to study the effect on the reduction rate of food waste, the ethanol production, and the recovery of waste oil and high-protein vinasse. The results showed that: 1) the reduction rate of food waste reached above 90% and the low combustion value of dry slag attained 4 885 kJ/kg, reaching the national incineration standard. 2) In the salinity and acidic conditions, the sugar-alcohol conversion rate by yeast metabolic engineering bacteria was as high as 91.78% within 24 hours, which explained the bacteria had salt-tolerant and acid-resistance, and the high conversion efficiency from sugar to alcohol. 3) The recovery rate of waste oil and high-protein vinasse was 89.78% and 98.39%, respectively, and the product feature reached the high lipid standard of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The recovery rate of alcohol was 94.99%, and the product features reached the Class Ⅰ of national industrial alcohol standard. The consolidated bio-processing(CBP) had the advantage of high reduction rate, short fermentation period, and high recovery rate.
Modification and application of methane oxidation capacity in-situ testing methodology in MSW landfill cover layer
LI Hailing, YUE Bo, HUANG Qifei, SU Yi, GAO Qingxian, MA Zhanyun
2017, 7(4): 483-488. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.066
Abstract(1009) PDF(1495KB)(461)
Abstract:
To expand the applicability of the in-situ landfill layer CH4 oxidation capability analysis method, the carbon conservation method based on the ratio of CO2 and CH4 was optimized. The optimized method was then applied on Asuwei landfill site located in Beijing for analysis of the variation rule of landfill layer CH4 oxidation capability. The results showed that CO2 and CH4 flux ratios on the cover layer surface were higher in summer than that in winter, and relatively stable in autumn and winter. Both the CH4 oxidation velocities and oxidation ratios of cover layer in autumn and winter were far lower than that in spring and summer. In addition, the average CH4 oxidation velocity (by carbon) in monitoring zone Ⅰ was 1 569.89 mg/(m 2·h) in spring and summer, and 171.13 mg/(m 2·h) in autumn and winter, while in monitoring zone Ⅱ the average velocity was 1 054.47 mg/(m 2·h) in spring and summer, and 333.02 mg/(m 2·h) in autumn and winter. The average CH4 oxidation ratio in monitoring zone Ⅰ was 79.69% in spring and summer, and 7.54% in autumn and winter, while in monitoring zone Ⅱ that was 44.83% in spring and summer, and 11.33% in autumn and winter. The annually averaged CH4 oxidation capacity in monitoring zone Ⅰ with longer landfilling time was 911.7 mg/(m 2·h), greater than that in in monitoring zone Ⅰ 〔707.5 mg/(m 2·h)〕.The results of CH4 oxidation velocities and oxidation ratios of cover layer had a good coherence with the existing related studies, and this method should have a better applicability for the estimation of the CH4 oxidation capability in the landfill layer.
Mesophilic anaerobic characteristics of honeysuckle and midday tea herbs residues
XU Junhu, GUO Qiang, MIAO Wei, SHI Bofen, LIU Tao
2017, 7(4): 489-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.067
Abstract(1008) PDF(1436KB)(782)
Abstract:
A self-prepared anaerobic reactor was utilized to treat the residues of honeysuckle and midday tea in semi-solid phase media. The anaerobic sludge was inoculated into the residues for anaerobic digestion at the temperature of (37±1)℃ and under the inoculum to substrate ratios (ISRs) of 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶0, respectively. The results showed that the ultimate maximum yield of methane was under ISRs of 1∶1, and the cumulative methane production volume of honeysuckle and midday tea dregs was 78.2 and 109.0 mL/g, respectively. Under the optimal inoculation ratio of 1∶1, another mesophilic anaerobic experiment was carried out by mixing the residues of honeysuckle and midday tea as substrate at different ratios of 0∶3, 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶0, respectively, at (37±1)℃. The result indicated that the ultimate maximum yield of methane was under mixed ratio of 1∶2, and the cumulative methane production volume of the mixed Chinese herbs residues was 138.2 mL/g. Furthermore, the zero-order kinetic model was found to be suitable to characterize the removal ratio of substrate during 0-96 h digestion while the biogas was generated fast, and the kinetic constant k was 1.11 mL/(h·g). To obtain the ultimate maximum rate of methane production, the anaerobic reaction should be controlled under the stage of zero-order reaction.
Study on solidification treatment for waste drilling fluid of flocculant dehydration
CHEN Xi, GUO Limei, YU Kezhe, WU Shouxiang
2017, 7(4): 495-499. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.068
Abstract(970) PDF(1145KB)(920)
Abstract:
Dehydration of waste drilling fluid from an offshore oil field was studied by adding different flocculants. Then the mud cake was mixed with cement by solidification process and made into building materials. The experimental results show that the solid-liquid separation of the waste drilling fluid can only be achieved by dilute of the fluid. The waste drilling fluid was diluted by 4 times and disposed by adding anionic flocculant A1920PAM at a dosage of 150 mg/kg, and the residual moisture content of the fluid can be reduced to as low as 35.33% after vacuum filtration. The optimal proportion of waste drilling fluid in solidified block was 25%, because the strength conditions of most building materials were satisfied and more waste drilling fluid could be solidified. After the immersion test of the solidified materials, it shows that the leaching efficiency for CODCr and heavy metals is below the national discharge standard.
Land use and change of riparian zone at different scales in the Yangtze River Basin
ZHANG Zhe, NI Hewei, WANG Wei, YANG Ranran, ZHANG Zhimiao, YANG Kening
2017, 7(4): 500-508. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.069
Abstract(1025) PDF(2536KB)(819)
Abstract:
Based on land use data of 2010 and 2000, the land use status and change of the main streams and tributaries of the Yangtze River riparian zone were analysed, and the comparative analysis was carried out on the land use structure and spatial changes of the main streams and tributaries with buffer area of different widths. On this basis, the effects of human development activities at different geographical scales on the land use pattern in the shore of the Yangtze River were discussed. The results showed that the riparian zone is the very important area of construction and agricultural activities in Yangtze River Basin. The proportion of cultivated land and a.pngicial surface area in riparian zone was 31.9% and 6.8%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of basin average values (24.9% and 3.1%). In the riparian zone of the middle of Yangtze River where the human development and construction and the intensity of agricultural activities were relatively high, the proportion of forest land in the main streams and tributaries were only 14.1% and 66.0% of the average level of the Yangtze River Basin, respectively. According to the analysis of land use change in 2000 and 2010, the a.pngicial surface of the main streams and tributaries of the Yangtze River riparian zone accounted for the largest increase, and the increase of the a.pngicial surface of the main streams and tributaries in the middle stream of the Yangtze River was 5.3 and 2.1 times of the average level of the basin.
Effects of foliage fertilizer on growth and cadmium accumulation characteristics of rice seedlings in Cd pollution
CAI Liangliang, ZHAO Long, CHEN Weiyu, YAO Na, ZHANG Naiming, HOU Hong
2017, 7(4): 509-516. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.070
Abstract(970) PDF(1794KB)(775)
Abstract:
In order to investigate whether spraying foliar fertilizer can relieve the toxic effect of heavy metals on rice, and using the rice varieties of Xiangwanxian 17 and Wuyou 369 as materials, the effects of multi-foliar fertilizers on seedling growth and the accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots parts of rice under different soil Cd concentrations were determined by pot experiments. The results show that spraying multi-foliar fertilizers can not only promote the growth of plant height and dry weight of the two rice seedlings, but also effectively inhibit the accumulation of Cd in the shoots of rice. The inhibitory effect on Xiangwanxian 17 is better than that of Wuyou 369. It is indicated that the regulation effect of multi-nutrients foliar fertilizers on rice Cd accumulation may be related to the difference of rice varieties and soil Cd concentrations.
Coordination analysis on carbon emission and economic growth
ZHANG Xingfang, LUO Hong, LÜ Lianhong
2017, 7(4): 517-524. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.071
Abstract(1046) PDF(2044KB)(787)
Abstract:
Aiming at the coordination relationship between carbon emission and economic growth, the annual data of 10 major carbon emitting countries (China, United States, India, Russian Federation, Japan, Germany, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Canada and United Kingdom) have been chosen to conduct an empirical study. The main research results include: The results of coordination analysis on carbon emissions and economic growth in different countries vary a lot. The EU countries share better coordination in low-carbon economy with lower carbon emission per capita and higher GDP per capita. However, some developing countries such as China and India need to be enhanced. EKC hypothesis and decoupling theory are unified measurement of low-carbon(when studying the carbon intensity by these two methods, the consistent elasticity and similar results can be obtained), and the EKC regression coefficients β and Tapio decoupling elasticity e can be taken advantage of respectively to build low-carbon indicators of long-term and short-term goals. In the respect of promoting low-carbon economy development, developing countries should learn from EU countries in the pursuit of coordination between lower carbon emissions and higher economic growth.
Construction of industrial environmental access framework and case study in Changzhou City
GAO Bao, FU Zeqiang
2017, 7(4): 525-532. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.04.072
Abstract(991) PDF(1502KB)(797)
Abstract:
The problems of existing source prevention systems, such as EIA and three simultaneities, have become increasingly prominent. It is difficult to adapt to the current environmental management needs, and thus the establishment of the environmental access system should help to further improve the system of the source system prevention. The environmental access is in essence a kind of government regulation, and a series of restrictions, constraints and norms based on the regional environmental capacity and carrying capacity of resources. The subject of environmental access is the government, while the object of it is the enterprise. In order to further clarify the corporate property, the environmental access can also be referred to as the industrial environmental access, and the industrial environment access program is the specific means of implementing access management. In accordance with the direction of the access requirement, the industrial environmental access program is divided into five major aspects, namely policy access, space access, total amount access, industrial form access and technology access. At the end, Changzhou City in Jiangsu Province was selected for case study, and the industrial environment access program obtained for the city.

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