2017 Vol. 7, No. 5

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2017 Vol.7, No.5
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Effects of wet plume elimination technology on pollutants diffusion
MA Xiuyuan, HUI Runtang, YANG Aiyong
2017, 7(5): 533-538. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.073
Abstract(1108) PDF(1500KB)(718)
Abstract:
Wet plume forms when the wet flue gas from the wet desulphurization system exits into the ambient air, which would bring about visual pollution. The formation and dispersion process of wet plume was analyzed. The effects of wet plume elimination technologies, such as direct heating, cooling and reheating, direct cooling, on the diffusion characteristics of particulate, SO2 and NO2 were investigated. The results showed that the wet plume elimination technologies have little effect on ambient particulate concentration; the ratio of maximum ground-level particulate concentration to ambient particulate standard is less than 1.5%, which indicates that the maximum ground-level particulate concentration is much lower than that of Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012). The direct heating as well as cooling and reheating of flue gas can promote the diffusion of SO2 and NO2, and the ratios of maximum ground-level concentration of SO2 and NO2 to ambient standard values can be reduced by 31.5% and 15.1%, respectively by the two technologies. By direct cooling of flue gas, the ratios of maximum ground-level concentration of SO2 and NO2 to ambient standard values are less than 20% and 70%, respectively, which shows that the maximum ground-level concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are below the air quality standards.
Effect of odd-even traffic restriction on exhaust emission of suburban highway
FAN Shoubin, TIAN Lingdi, GUO Jinjin, SUN Gaihong
2017, 7(5): 539-545. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.074
Abstract(490) PDF(2300KB)(685)
Abstract:
Road traffic volume control is an important means to relieve traffic congestion and reduce vehicle exhaust emissions during major events in Beijing. There are significant differences in vehicle type proportion and driving cycle between suburban highway and city roads. The impact of traffic volume restriction on vehicle exhaust emissions for suburban highway is the basis of air quality protection program development, air pollution control measures evaluation and air quality projection and forecast. Based on the suburban highway traffic volume information during and after Chin's Victory Day Parade period in 2105, the emissions intensity computing, roadside pollutant concentration monitoring and inverse model methods were applied to study the effect of traffic volume restriction on vehicle exhaust emissions. The results showed that the traffic volume of national roads, provincial roads and county roads decreased by 21%, 29% and 24%, respectively, during the traffic restriction period. The freight vehicles had a larger decline than the passenger ones, while the vehicle speed increased correspondingly. The emissions intensity of CO, NOx, HC and PM for national roads decreased by 41%, 46%, 48% and 76%, for provincial roads decreased by 43%, 31%, 45% and 47%, and for county roads decreased by 33%, 27%, 34% and 43%, respectively. Roadside monitoring results showed that the concentration of NOx fell by 47 %, and the inverse model method results showed that NOx emissions intensity decreased by 37% during the traffic restriction period.
Test study of disposing nitrogenous VOCs by catalytic oxidation technology
WANG Benyong, WANG Xin, XU Fen, LÜ Jin
2017, 7(5): 546-551. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.075
Abstract(828) PDF(1230KB)(665)
Abstract:
A sideline test study on catalytic oxidation of waste gas discharged from the calcining furnace of a molecular sieve company was carried on. The removal effect of hydrocarbons, nitrogenous VOCs and carbon monoxide under different reaction temperatures and catalyst bed space velocities was studied, focusing on the production of nitrogen oxides under different test conditions. The results show that under the action of catalyst, the catalytic oxidation technology can effectively remove the non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogenous VOCs and other harmful components at low temperature 275 to 325 ℃. The pollutants removal rate can be more than 95%, and the NOx emission can reach the national standard.
Components and acid factors analysis of atmospheric precipitation in Nanhai District of Foshan City
HUANG Siqiao, LIANG Yongxiang
2017, 7(5): 552-557. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.076
Abstract(536) PDF(2399KB)(996)
Abstract:
In order to investigate the chemical components characteristics and acidification trend of precipitation at Nanhai District, the cross-border region of Guangzhou and Foshan, the precipitation samples were collected during January to December of 2016. The pH, conductivity and ionic composition of precipitation were analyzed. Results indicated that the annually averaged pH, conductivity and total ion concentration were 5.05, 19.4 μS/cm and 6.41 mg/L, respectively. The acid precipitation pollution of Nanhai District in 2016 had improved, but the frequency of acid precipitation was as high as 63.1%, and the extent of acidification was still relatively high. The N O 3 - and S O 4 2 - which were contributed by the artificial sources played the major roles in the acidification. By analyzing the S/N ratio, it was found that N O 3 - had exceeded S O 4 2 - and become the primary acid factor of precipitation in Nanhai District.
Spectroscopic analysis and degradation kinetics study of COD in sewage plant effluent into Dianchi Lake
YANG Feng, WANG Sengrui, GUO Wei, NI Zhaokui
2017, 7(5): 558-564. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.077
Abstract(590) PDF(2786KB)(666)
Abstract:
Representative effluent from sewage treatment plants in Dianchi Lake was selected to simulate and investigate the degradation process and spectral characteristics of COD under natural conditions, and to explore the influence of the effluent on the concentration of COD in Dianchi Lake. The results show that: 1) The COD in the effluent from sewage plants occurred mainly in dissolved states and flew directly into Dianchi Lake; the degradation rate of CODCr was 28.9% and was quite low under the experiment condition, and the degradation process accords with the equation C=-2.46ln t+29.018 (R 2=0.932 2). COD was easy to accumulate under such condition. The degradation rate of CODMn was 15.8%, and the degradation process accords with the equation C=-0.348ln t+7.473 (R 2=0.995 7). 2) UV Vis spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra characteristics show that the COD in the effluent from sewage plants was mainly in the category of fulvic acid. The structure of COD in the effluent from sewage plants was relatively stable in the process of degradation. The slightly increasing of aromatic part of COD further confirmed that most organic compounds in the effluent from sewage plants remained in the water and the COD would gradually accumulate if the water did not change timely. 3) With the increase of the sewage treatment capacity in the lake basin, the effluent from sewage plants had become the main source of the water quantity in Dianchi Lake. And as the COD in the effluent has the refractory characteristic, the increasing of the COD concentration in recent years was closely related to the discharge of effluent from the sewage plants.
Relationship of chlorophyll-a and nutrients in Taihu Lake based on GAM model
GUO Liang, SU Jing, JI Danfeng, CUI Chifei, ZHENG Mingxia, SUN Yuanyuan, XI Beidou, WU Minghong
2017, 7(5): 565-572. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.078
Abstract(618) PDF(1639KB)(682)
Abstract:
Data of chlorophyll-a and other environmental factors from January 2013 to July 2015 in Taihu Lake were sampled. It was found there existed significant difference of water quality in different parts of Taihu Lake. Therefore, the lake was divided into four areas, i.e. Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, Zhushan Bay and Main Lake Area. The generalized additive model (GAM) was introduced to analyze the relationship between chlorophyll-a and nutrients and other environmental factors. The results showed that there was significant nonlinear relationship between chlorophyll-a was total phosphorus (TP) in Meiliang Bay. The relationship between the chlorophyll-a and TP was linear, while the relationship between chlorophyll-a and total nitrigon (TN) was non-linear in Gonghu Bay, and TN was possibly the main limiting factor in the bay. There was significant non-liner relationship between chlorophyll-a and TP and CODMn in Zhushan Bay, and CODMn was a more significant factor; the reason may be that Zhushan Bay was the key area of organic pollutants emission. Both TN and TP had a strong effect on chlorophyll-a in main area of Taihu Lake and there was significant non-liner relationship between TN, TP and chlorophyll-a. The outbreaks of eutrophication are inconsistent in different areas of Taihu Lake, and the different environmental factors have resulted in different conditions of entrophication.
Evaluation of comprehensive benefits of urban sewage treatment plants: taking Liaohe River Basin as an example
ZHANG Hanmin, ZOU Xiang, JIANG Wei
2017, 7(5): 573-579. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.079
Abstract(586) PDF(609KB)(657)
Abstract:
Based on the two aspects of operation cost and environmental benefits of the sewage treatment plants (STPs), the evaluation index system with four evaluation indexes, i.e. unit construction cost, unit operation cost, COD reduction rate, ammonia nitrogen reduction rate, was constructed. Then the entropy weight method was used to determine the corresponding weight coefficient, and the Euclid approach degree applied to realize the objective evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of the STPs. Based on the treatment quantity and water quality, 47 STPs in Liaohe River Basin were divided into four groups. The results showed that the superiority of A 2/O technology was more obvious when the water quantity was under 20 000 t/d and the effluent water quality was up to Level 1A standard of GB 18918-2002, while in the process that the water quantity was above 20 000 t/d and the effluent water quality was up to Level 1A, MBBR+ UV disinfection technology showed better performance in the comprehensive benefit.When the water quality was under 20 000 t/d and the effluent quality was up to Level 1B standard, the superiority of A 2/O technology was obvious, and in the process that the water quantity was above 20 000 t/d and the effluent water quality was up to Level 1B standard,the advantages of Linpaoer technology and BIOLAK technology were obvious.
Preparation and characterization of Fe-MSB and Al-MSB by efficient microwave irradiation
MENG Hailing, ZHU Lisha, LIU Zailiang, LIU Tinglei, ZHOU Ke
2017, 7(5): 580-586. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.080
Abstract(912) PDF(2160KB)(591)
Abstract:
The ferric sulfate modified sodium bentonite(Fe-MSB) and the aluminum sulfate modified sodium bentonite (Al-MSB) were prepared with sodium bentonite(SB) which respectively were modified with ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate as modifier by efficient microwave irradiation. The optimal preparation conditions were explored with the removal efficiency of phosphorus in simulated phosphorus wastewater using Fe-MSB and Al-MSB to adsorb as verifying the results by single factor experiment. Modification mechanisms and adsorption properties were analyzed by XRD, IR, SEM and specific surface area characterizations of Fe-MSB, Al-MSB and SB. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of Fe-MSB were ferric sulfate dosage of 0.08 g/g, microwave power of low fire and microwave time of 6 min. Under the condition, the removal rate and residual concentration of phosphorus were 99.92% and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions of Al-MSB were ferric sulfate dosage of 0.10 g/g, microwave power of medium low fire and microwave time of 7 min. Under the condition, the removal rate and residual concentration of phosphorus were 98.82% and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. The pore space, the layer spacing and specific surface area of Fe-MSB and Al-MSB increased significantly, and the adsorption performance of Fe-MSB and Al-MSB increased obviously. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of Fe-MSB was better than Al-MSB.
Degradation of disperse dye wastewater by electrocatalysis and descaling effect by reversing electrodes
HUANG Junsheng, ZHANG Xun, LU Yong, ZHU Xiang
2017, 7(5): 587-593. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.081
Abstract(516) PDF(1721KB)(638)
Abstract:
According to the characteristics of strong acidity, high chloride ion concentration and high conductivity of disperse dyes wastewater, the ratio of COD removal rate to energy consumption (CRR/EC) was established to evaluate the effect of electrocatalysis oxidation in different operating conditions. The anode with high catalytic activity was selected from three kind of mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated Ti-based electrodes, and the reaction parameters were determined. The experiments of brief reversing electrode operation were carried out to investigate the descaling effect and the influence on the water quality, and the operation mode was determined. Research shows that CRR/EC of Ti-based electrodes modified by Ru+Ir mixed metal oxide increases with the rise of pH value, higher than that modified by Pt+Ir mixed metal oxide when pH>5. The CRR/EC of Ti-based electrodes modified by Ta+Ir mixed metal oxide is lower than that modified by Pt+Ir or Ru+Ir mixed metal oxide under different pH conditions. Ti-based electrodes modified by Pt+Ir mixed metal oxide was screened out and pH of 7, plate distance of 1 cm, current intensity of 8.64 mA/cm 2, electrolysis time of 30 min were taken as the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the CRR can reach 31.9%, CRR/EC is 3.68%/(kW·h/t), and energy consumption is 8.66 kW·h/t. The operation mode is set at the cycle reaction of that reverses 5-10 min after every 30-60 min.
Discussion on thermal desorption remediation technology with rotary kiln for petrochemical contaminated soil
SUN Mingbo, HE Qingsheng, LIU Xianling, WANG Guibin
2017, 7(5): 594-599. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.082
Abstract(839) PDF(1220KB)(776)
Abstract:
Organic contaminants, including BTEX, PAHs, PCBs, TPH, etc., are the main pollutants in the petrochemical contaminated soil. Thermal desorption technology with rotary kiln, which has a good application prospect, is an efficient and suitable technology for the remediation of soil contaminated by petrochemical industry in China. The thermal desorption remediation technology was analyzed and discussed in detail from the aspects of technical principle, technical characteristics, technical classification, tail gas treatment and influence factors. The technology still has a space for enhancement in the areas of energy saving and cost reduction and independent integrated development. It is necessary to improve the thermal efficiency by further utilizing the waste heat in the soil and tail gas with high temperature from the rotary kiln. In addition, the development should be accelerated for the soil thermal desorption recovery and tail gas treatment devices which are suitable for China's national conditions and have independent intellectual property rights.
Evaluation of uncertainty of benzene series in surface water by P&T-GC/MSD in interlaboratory comparison
LIU Haiping, LU Bingwen, YANG Gang, FANG Liping
2017, 7(5): 600-605. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.083
Abstract(1010) PDF(658KB)(545)
Abstract:
In order to develop detection skill on benzene series, proficiency testing of benzene series in surface water organized by an international agency was attended. The samples were pretreated by purge and trap, and the benzene, toluene, p-xylene and m-xylene, o-xylene concentrations in the surface water determined by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. The components of uncertainty were analyzed and calculated by establishing a mathematical model, and the uncertainty in the process of test was assessed. The result was finally submitted to the organizer. The statistics showed that the satisfactory rate of all the benzene series was 100%. Firstly the uncertainty of benzene series in surface water was evaluated from aspects of reference solution, internal solution, multifunctional automatic sampler, repeatability of measurement and recovery ratio, respectively. Then each component of uncertainty was combined, and the expanded uncertainty of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and m-xylene, o-xylene was obtained, being 0.077, 0.095, 0.250 and 0.140, respectively, when k was equal to 2.
Characteristics and evaluation of building indoor ground-borne noise pollution induced by subway in Beijing
HU Yueqi, LIU Qian, WANG Zheng, JIANG Tao, KONG Chuan, ZHANG Hu, WU Xiaodong
2017, 7(5): 606-614. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.084
Abstract(1184) PDF(6419KB)(811)
Abstract:
Combined with Measurement method of ground-borne noise arising from urban rail transit (underground) (HJ 793-2016), Emission standard for community noise (GB 22337-2008) and Standard for limit and measuring method of building vibration and secondary noise caused by urban rail transit (JGJ/T 170-2009), using LAeq200, LAeq20 k and sound pressure level in octave bands as evaluation indexes, the indoor ground-borne noise induced by subway in the nearby buildings was monitored and evaluated, with an experimental study in Beijing. The results showed that the frequency range of building indoor ground-borne noise caused by subway was 12.5-200 Hz in Beijing, and LAeq20 k was not suitable for the evaluation of low frequency ground-borne noise induced by subway. The characteristics frequency of indoor ground-borne noise of the two subway lines in Beijing was 31.5, 40, 50, 63 and 100 Hz respectively, with 40 Hz as the main frequency. The sound pressure increment on the characteristic frequency was obvious during subway pass, which was the characteristic of subway ground-borne noise pollution. The measured results showed that due to the difference of the energy distribution in the lower part of the subway ground-borne noise below 200 Hz, as well as the difference of A-weighted reduction to low frequency sound pressure level, the LAeq200 evaluation results could not objectively reflect the actual effect of subway ground-borne noise. The low-rise buildings had amplification effect on ground-borne noise induced by subway, but the high-rise buildings had certain attenuation. Compared with horizontal distance, the weight of the building and the depth of subway tunnel had a significant effect on the ground-borne noise attenuation. The depth of subway tunnel in subway construction should be considered especially, and the subway should avoid through the low-rise buildings and cottage area in order to control the ground-borne noise pollution.
The enlightenment of cataloging of hazardous air pollutants of the United States
LI Jiaqi, ZUO Pingchun, ZHENG Yuting, LIN Jun, ZOU Hongtao, YU Yang
2017, 7(5): 615-620. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.085
Abstract(685) PDF(831KB)(1317)
Abstract:
The United States is one of the first countries to carry out study on hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). It has perfect systems of laws, regulations and technical methods, having achieved a comprehensive and effective control and management of hazardous pollutants in the air. In particular, the United States Clean Air Act proposes to establish the list of HAPs and 189 HAPs have been screened out based on the scientific and practical methods. The HAPs are targeted for the prevention and control through management instruments of pollution source management and maximum achievable control limits. The methods of screening the HAPs in the cataloging and the administrative measures for the implementation of the list can provide experience for China to establish its own list of toxic and hazardous air pollutants, so as to provide important basis for air pollution control in the country.
Design of discharge permit system of livestock and poultry breeding: a case study in Zhexi Reservoir Basin
JI Zhibo, WANG Wenjie, LIU Xiaofu, XU Chao, WANG ying, BAI Yang, QIU Wenting, LUO Lei
2017, 7(5): 621-628. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.086
Abstract(541) PDF(1977KB)(619)
Abstract:
As an effective environmental management instrument, the discharge permit system has certain restriction on pollutant discharge of point sources, especially of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding in the basin. The TN discharge from livestock and poultry breeding was studied in Zhexi Reservoir Basin. The water environmental capacity and the TN discharge load of livestock and poultry breeding were calculated on the small basin scale, and the response relationship between the environmental capacity of the river basin and the TN discharge of the livestock and poultry breeding determined according to the pollutant discharge contribution rates of different industries. The pollutant discharge limits and permit system program were identified according to the water environment capacity of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding for the basin, and the pollution control measures of livestock and poultry breeding under different environmental capacity targets were put forward.
Accounting and analysis of stock assets change of forest resource in Beijing from 2000 to 2010
FAN Xiaoshan, LIU Jiaomei
2017, 7(5): 629-635. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.087
Abstract(633) PDF(4297KB)(667)
Abstract:
The accounting and analysis of stock assets change of forest resource is the prerequisite and basis to establish the appraisal system of the forest resources assets management performance and to curb the loss of forest resource assets. The 3S technologies were adopted to construct the accounting scheme of regional stock assets change of forest resource, and the quantity, quality and change of the stock assets of forest resource in Beijing from 2000 to 2010 accounted and analyzed accordingly. The results showed that in terms of quantity, all types of forests except deciduous forest had increased to various extents, among which the fruits forest in Pinggu and Shunyi counties, the garden forest in Haidian and Chaoyang districts, and the deciduous broad-leaved shrub forest in Miyun County, Yanqing County and Mentougou District had the most obvious increase. In terms of forest quality, the area of superior quality forest had risen considerably while that of the poor and medium-quality forest decreased slightly, among which Pinggu & Miyun counties increased most remarkably. Overall, between 2000 and 2010, the quantity of forest resource assets in Beijing had increased and the quality greatly improved greatly, in a general trend of accumulative increase.
Current situation, trends and strategies for the development of environmental protection industry
WANG Yanhua, FU Zeqiang, XIE Yuanyuan, LI Linzi
2017, 7(5): 636-643. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.088
Abstract(1102) PDF(1295KB)(1658)
Abstract:
The concept and definitions of environmental protection industry are not the same and with different implications and category classification internationally. Through a literature survey on the definitions of environmental protection industry, the implications and categories of environmental protection industry were identified. Current development status and key constraint factors of environmental protection industry both at home and abroad were analyzed. It is pointed out that the environmental protection industry in China presents the trend of agglomeration, clustering, specialization, high-technology and marketization. Aiming at the problems hindering the development of environmental protection industry, such as underdevelopment of environment regulation, lack of technological innovation and shortage of funds, some suggestions are put forward to encourage the construction of environmental protection industry demonstration zones which will take technological innovation as the engine. The construction will enhance the regional innovation and international competitiveness of the clustering zones.
Research on development characteristics of China's environmental protection industry based on 2015 annual reports of listed companies
ZHANG Xingfang, LÜ Lianhong, YANG Zhanhong, WANG Xiao, LUO Hong
2017, 7(5): 644-650. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.05.089
Abstract(508) PDF(1765KB)(661)
Abstract:
As one of the main strategic emerging industries, environmental protection industry has become a new economic growth point of China's economy under the new normal. Based on the data from 2015 annual reports, 55 listed environmental protection companies were classified into six industries, i.e. water treatment, air pollution control, comprehensive environmental services, resource recycling, environmental monitoring, and ecological restoration. The development characteristics of environmental protection industry were studied from the listing location, registration location, company size, specialization degree, profitability, R&D efficiency and other aspects, the industrial concentration of environmental protection industry assessed, and some suggestions for further development of environmental protection industry put forward. The results show that China's environmental protection companies' listed sites are more concentrated in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Board (SME) and Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), and eastern regions (especially Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Beijing) have significant geographical concentration advantages. Listed environmental protection companies are still in relatively small scale, but the specialization degree is constantly improving. There is a big difference in the gross profit margins among six major industry segments, the air pollution control industry has the lowest gross profit margin and highest operating income, while the monitoring industry has the highest gross profit margin but lower operating income. Water treatment industry has the highest R&D efficiency, but the R&D efficiency of environmental monitoring industry and ecological restoration industry is relatively low. The environmental industry market is between the competitive and low concentration oligopoly, whose industry concentration is low and market competition is quite active.

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