Characteristics, ecological restoration and governance mode of rivers in north cold region in China: taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as an example

Many rivers in north cold region in China have problems such as difficulty in maintaining water quality, uneven distribution of water resources in time and space, insufficient ecological flow, and deterioration in water environment, etc. Taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as example, and with water quality, water quantity, water ecology and water management as the context, the specific problems of the river were identified and water ecological restoration and water environmental management technologies developed in the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment during the 11th, 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan periods were selected and transferred to the engineering measures. Those specific measures were integrated, including improving pipe networks, building sewage treatment facilities, cleaning up wastes along river channel, dredging river sewage, creating estuary wetlands, constructing gate dams and channel wetlands, fencing the flood land, and improving the information monitoring system, etc. On that basis, an exogenous pollutant prevention and control, endogenous pollutant treatment, water quality purification, ecological restoration and long-term maintain mode of ecological restoration and management for rivers in north cold region in China was established, which could provide references for the treatment of other rivers with similar problems.