| Citation: | LÜ L H,ZHANG N,XIA J,et al.Applicability evaluation of clean heating technologies in rural areas in northern China: a case study in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2022，12（5）：1695-1702 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210298
|
In order to effectively improve the regional atmospheric environmental quality, China has launched large-scale rural clean heating renovation projects in the northern region, mainly from coal to electricity and coal to gas. How to choose a technically feasible and economically acceptable clean heating technology path is a key issue for the sustainability of clean heating renovation. Based on field survey data in rural areas of Beijing, the applicability of four rural clean heating technologies was evaluated from two dimensions of economy and comfort, the applicable conditions of various technologies were summarized and the suggestions on the choice of rural clean heating technologies were proposed. The results showed that: The air source heat pump had low operating cost and good comfort, which was suitable for various areas where the temperature was not lower than −20 ℃ in winter. The gas wall-hung boiler operation cost was slightly higher than the air source heat pump and had good comfort, which was suitable for plain and semi-mountainous areas close to gas pipelines or gas stations, and it was applicable to various climate and temperature ranges. Energy storage heater had high operating costs and poor comfort, which was suitable for rural areas where the winter temperature was close to urban areas, or areas of urban-rural junctions and small farm houses. The ground-source heat pump was best implemented in conjunction with government-funded projects, with lower operating costs, better comfort, and was suitable for areas where the geological structure was suitable for well construction and there was enough space for underground pipes. It was suggested that the rural clean heating work should be based on the long-term perspective, select clean heating technologies according to local conditions, and strive to reduce the operation cost of clean heating for farmers, while improving the reliability of rural clean heating power and natural gas supply.
| [1] |
支国瑞, 杨俊超, 张涛, 等.我国北方农村生活燃煤情况调查、排放估算及政策启示[J]. 环境科学研究,2015,28(8):1179-1185.
ZHI G R, YANG J C, ZHANG T, et al. Rural household coal use survey, emission estimation and policy implications[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(8):1179-1185.
|
| [2] |
魏楚, 王丹, 吴宛忆, 等.中国农村居民煤炭消费及影响因素研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(9):178-185.
WEI C, WANG D, WU W Y, et al. Residential coal consumption and its determinants in rural China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2017,27(9):178-185.
|
| [3] |
CHEN D S, LIU X X, LANG J L, et al. Estimating the contribution of regional transport to PM2.5 air pollution in a rural area on the North China Plain[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,583:280-291. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.066
|
| [4] |
ZHOU Y, ZI T, LANG J L, et al. Impact of rural residential coal combustion on air pollution in Shandong, China[J]. Chemosphere,2020,260:127517. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127517
|
| [5] |
ZHANG F, SHANG X N, CHEN H, et al. Significant impact of coal combustion on VOCs emissions in winter in a North China rural site[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,720:137617. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137617
|
| [6] |
LIU K K, REN J E. Characteristics, sources and health risks of PM2.5-bound potentially toxic elements in the northern rural China[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research,2019,10(5):1621-1626. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2019.06.002
|
| [7] |
CHEN Y L, SHEN H Z, SMITH K R, et al. Estimating household air pollution exposures and health impacts from space heating in rural China[J]. Environment International,2018,119:117-124. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.054
|
| [8] |
柴发合, 薛志钢, 支国瑞, 等.农村居民散煤燃烧污染综合治理对策[J]. 环境保护,2016,44(6):15-19. doi: 10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2016.06.002
CHAI F H, XUE Z G, ZHI G R, et al. Complex control measures of rural coal combustion pollution[J]. Environmental Protection,2016,44(6):15-19. doi: 10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2016.06.002
|
| [9] |
杜晓林, 冯相昭, 王敏, 等.北方地区清洁取暖的影响因素及污染物减排贡献分析[J]. 环境与可持续发展,2020,45(3):16-20.
DU X L, FENG X Z, WANG M, et al. Analysis on influencing factors of clean heating in North China and contribution of pollutant emission reduction[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2020,45(3):16-20.
|
| [10] |
庞卫科, 吕连宏, 罗宏.适用于我国农村地区的低温空气源热泵采暖技术[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2017,7(3):382-387. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.03.053
PANG W K, LÜ L H, LUO H. Heating by air-source heat pump for cold climate in Chinese rural regions[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(3):382-387. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.03.053
|
| [11] |
LI Y E, YUAN X L, TANG Y Z, et al. Integrated assessment of the environmental and economic effects of "coal-to-gas conversion" project in rural areas of Northern China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2020,27(13):14503-14514. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08004-y
|
| [12] |
赵文瑛, 于长友, 唐飞, 等.北方地区冬季清洁取暖进展及展望[J]. 石油规划设计,2020,31(3):18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2970.2020.03.005
ZHAO W Y, YU C Y, TANG F, et al. Progress and prospects of clean heating in winter seasons in North China[J]. Petroleum Planning & Engineering,2020,31(3):18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2970.2020.03.005
|
| [13] |
VAAGE K. Heating technology and energy use: a discrete/continuous choice approach to Norwegian household energy demand[J]. Energy Economics,2000,22(6):649-666. doi: 10.1016/S0140-9883(00)00053-0
|
| [14] |
MAHAPATRA K, GUSTAVSSON L. An adopter-centric approach to analyze the diffusion patterns of innovative residential heating systems in Sweden[J]. Energy Policy,2008,36(2):577-590. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.10.006
|
| [15] |
ROUVINEN S, MATERO J. Stated preferences of finnish private homeowners for residential heating systems: a discrete choice experiment[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2013,57:22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.10.010
|
| [16] |
BRAUN F G. Determinants of households' space heating type: a discrete choice analysis for German households[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38(10):5493-5503. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.04.002
|
| [17] |
DECKER T, MENRAD K. House owners' perceptions and factors influencing their choice of specific heating systems in Germany[J]. Energy Policy,2015,85:150-161. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.06.004
|
| [18] |
单明, 刘彦青, 孙涛, 等.北方农村清洁取暖区域性典型案例实施方案及经验总结[J]. 环境与可持续发展,2020,45(3):50-56.
SHAN M, LIU Y Q, SUN T, et al. Implementation scheme and experience summary of regional typical cases of clean heating in northern rural China[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2020,45(3):50-56.
|
| [19] |
刘幼农, 梁传志, 程杰, 等.北方地区冬季清洁取暖试点城市工作成效与经验做法[J]. 建设科技,2019(10):10-13.
LIU Y N, LIANG C Z, CHENG J, et al. Effectiveness and experience of clean heating pilot cities in North China[J]. Construction Science and Technology,2019(10):10-13.
|
| [20] |
徐银鸿, 李闯, 张文廷, 等.中国北方典型地区农村清洁取暖调研分析及思考[J]. 农学学报,2020,10(3):31-37. doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.031
XU Y H, LI C, ZHANG W T, et al. Current status and implication of clean energy heating: field survey in typical areas of rural Northern China[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2020,10(3):31-37. doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.031
|
| [21] |
罗宏, 张保留, 王健, 等.京津冀及周边地区清洁取暖补贴政策现状、问题与对策[J]. 中国环境管理,2020,12(2):34-41.
LUO H, ZHANG B L, WANG J, et al. Current situation, problems and countermeasures of subsidy policy for clean heating in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2020,12(2):34-41.
|
| [22] |
张保留, 罗宏, 吕连宏, 等.京津冀区域清洁取暖的支付意愿和影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学,2021,41(1):490-496. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2021.01.055
ZHANG B L, LUO H, LÜ L H, et al. The willingness to pay for clean heating and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. China Environmental Science,2021,41(1):490-496. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2021.01.055
|
| [23] |
MAHAPATRA K, GUSTAVSSON L. Influencing Swedish homeowners to adopt district heating system[J]. Applied Energy,2009,86(2):144-154. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.03.011
|
| [24] |
YAN Y T, JIAO W X, WANG K, et al. Coal-to-gas heating compensation standard and willingness to make clean energy choices in typical rural areas of Northern China[J]. Energy Policy,2020,145:111698. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111698
|
| [25] |
谢伦裕, 常亦欣, 蓝艳.北京清洁取暖政策实施效果及成本收益量化分析[J]. 中国环境管理,2019,11(3):87-93.
XIE L Y, CHANG Y X, LAN Y. The effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of clean heating program in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2019,11(3):87-93.
|
| [26] |
宋玲玲, 武娟妮, 王兆苏, 等.农村清洁取暖工程财政运行补贴理论退出年限测算及政策建议[J]. 地方财政研究,2020(11):90-95.
|
| [27] |
郝春旭, 璩爱玉, 董战峰, 等.北方地区清洁取暖环境补贴政策研究[J]. 生态经济,2020,36(4):150-155.
HAO C X, QU A Y, DONG Z F, et al. Study on subsidy policy of clean heating environment in North China[J]. Ecological Economy,2020,36(4):150-155.
|
| [28] |
樊金璐.基于用户可承受能力的清洁取暖技术经济性评价[J]. 煤炭经济研究,2019,39(1):39-44.
FAN J L. Economic evaluation of clean heating technology based on user's affordability[J]. Coal Economic Research,2019,39(1):39-44.
|
| [29] |
刘幼农, 侯隆澍.北京市山区农村清洁取暖适宜技术路径研究[J]. 建筑科学,2019,35(6):128-134.
LIU Y N, HOU L S. Research on the suitable technology paths of clean heating in mountainous countryside of Beijing[J]. Building Science,2019,35(6):128-134.
|
| [30] |
崔艳梅, 刘洋, 李影, 等.北方农村地区清洁取暖技术应用及效果分析[J]. 建设科技,2020(2):42-45.
CUI Y M, LIU Y, LI Y, et al. Implementation and effect analysis of clean heating technologies in northern rural area[J]. Construction Science and Technology,2020(2):42-45.
|
| [31] |
赵利, 赵海春, 蔡英华, 等.农村牧区清洁能源采暖技术集成模式与节能效果[J]. 农业工程技术,2021,41(11):53-54. doi: 10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2021.11.032
|
| [32] |
赵俊兰, 龚娴, 孙鹏程, 等.我国北方农村地区的供暖形式比较[J]. 节能,2019,38(6):161-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2019.06.068
ZHAO J L, GONG X, SUN P C, et al. Comparison of heating forms in rural areas of Northern China[J]. Energy Conservation,2019,38(6):161-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2019.06.068
|
| [33] |
赵文瑛, 邓高峰, 关运龙, 等.农村地区清洁取暖技术路线成本效益分析[J]. 石油规划设计,2020,31(5):41-44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2970.2020.05.011
ZHAO W Y, DENG G F, GUAN Y L, et al. Cost and environmental benefit analysis of clean heating technologies in northern rural area[J]. Petroleum Planning & Engineering,2020,31(5):41-44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2970.2020.05.011
|
| [34] |
周淑慧, 孙慧, 王晨龙, 等.政策驱动下的中国北方农村地区清洁取暖方式[J]. 天然气工业,2020,40(3):146-156. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2020.03.018
ZHOU S H, SUN H, WANG C L, et al. Policy-driven clean heating modes in the rural areas of the Northern China[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2020,40(3):146-156. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2020.03.018
|
| [35] |
徐伟, 袁闪闪, 孙峙峰, 等.清洁取暖技术应用适宜性研究[J]. 建筑科学,2018,34(12):1-5. doi: 10.13614/j.cnki.11-1962/tu.2018.12.01
XU W, YUAN S S, SUN Z F, et al. Study on the suitability of clean heating technical method[J]. Building Science,2018,34(12):1-5. doi: 10.13614/j.cnki.11-1962/tu.2018.12.01
|
| [36] |
侯建军, 付喜亮, 郝薛刚, 等.蓄热式电锅炉技术在新能源富集电网中的应用探讨[J]. 内蒙古电力技术,2021,39(3):19-24. doi: 10.19929/j.cnki.nmgdljs.2021.0049
HOU J J, FU X L, HAO X G, et al. Discussion on application of regenerative electric boiler technology in new energy riched power grid[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2021,39(3):19-24. doi: 10.19929/j.cnki.nmgdljs.2021.0049
|
| [37] |
韩韬, 刘芳, 王强.低温空气源热泵热风机分散采暖分析[J]. 区域供热,2019(6):59-64.
HAN T, LIU F, WANG Q. Study on distributed heating of low temperature air source heat pump hot air blower[J]. District Heating,2019(6):59-64.
|
| [38] |
杨灵艳, 刘宝红.地源热泵在清洁取暖中应用案例分析[J]. 区域供热,2018(3):13-21. doi: 10.16641/j.cnki.cn11-3241/tk.2018.03.003
|
| [39] |
刘庆玉, 关琦, 张敏, 等.北方典型农村住宅太阳能辅助采暖优化设计[J]. 可再生能源,2020,38(4):447-452. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5292.2020.04.004
LIU Q Y, GUAN Q, ZHANG M, et al. Optimum design of solar energy-assisted heating for typical rural residential buildings in North China[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2020,38(4):447-452. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5292.2020.04.004
|
| [40] |
单明, 张双奇, 邓梦思, 等.生物质成型燃料用于北方村镇清洁取暖的技术与模式[J]. 区域供热,2018(1):6-10.
|
| [41] |
侯隆澍, 刘幼农.北京市冬季清洁取暖的演变与发展研究[J]. 建设科技,2019(2):11-16.
HOU L S, LIU Y N. Study on the development and evolution of clean heating in winter of Beijing[J]. Construction Science and Technology,2019(2):11-16. □
|
Copyright © Editorial Department of Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.
DownLoad: