Effectiveness analysis of planning environmental impact assessment based on multiple indicators: taking industrial parks as an example

To better improve the effectiveness of the planning environmental impact assessment (PEIA), twenty-six cases of industrial park PEIA were selected as examples to construct an indicator system to analyze the implementation achievements and inadequacies of industrial park PEIA. The indicator system included four dimensions and 14 indexes, with the four dimensions being promoting improvement of regional environmental quality, optimizing spatial layout, preventing and eliminating of environmental risks and promoting high-level development of the park. The results showed that PEIA of industrial parks had achieved remarkable substantive effectiveness results in implementation of total amount control and performance requirements, implementation of industrial admittance restrictions, protection and avoidance of environmental sensitive areas, and implementation of tracking and supervision plans. However, there still remained inadequacy in complete supporting sewage treatment facilities, coordination of residential environment and security risks, cleaner production and circular economy development. In terms of park levels, the implementation effects of PEIA of national industrial parks were better than that of industrial parks at provincial level and below, and as to time periods, the industrial parks passing examination during or after the 13th Five-year Plan period were better than before, with the strengthening of the guidance and reform promotion of industrial park planning EIA at the national level. In terms of regions, the eastern region had a strong economic foundation and early implementation of EIA, paid more attention to the role of PEIA as a preventive tool in promoting high-quality development, and thus was more capable than the other regions to implement and enforce the recommendations of PEIA. Based on problem orientation, some suggestions were proposed including enhancing industrial park environmental management, strengthening PEIA tracking and supervision, and promoting the joint participation of multi-departments in the preparation and implementation of PEIA. These proposals could provide references for the management departments to strengthen management of industrial park PEIA and promote the implementation of PEIA outcomes.