Citation: | LI H,ZHAO L K,BAO S Y,et al.Research progress on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degrading bacteria and their applications[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(5):1663-1676 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230152 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of pollutants widely distributed in the environment and have ecological and environmental toxicity effects. Therefore, the remediation and restoration of PAHs-contaminated sites have received significant attention. Biodegradation is one of the essential technologies for removing PAHs; however, it still faces limitations such as low degradation efficiency and long degradation periods. The common PAHs-degrading bacteria and their degradation mechanisms were summarized, focusing on discussing the research progress and limitations of applying them to real contaminated sites. The results showed that PAHs-degrading bacteria mainly included genus Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas. White-rot fungi were common fungi that degraded PAHs. Compared to individual strains, bacterial consortia exhibited superior PAH degradation capability. For PAHs such as naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, the degradation process involved ring opening catalyzed by enzymes encoded by PAHs degradation genes (e.g., nah gene cluster), followed by stepwise oxidation, ultimately leading to complete degradation through the salicylic acid or phthalic acid pathway entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The degradation of benzo[a]pyrene produced intermediate products, including alcohols, aldehydes, and acids. However, its complete degradation pathway was yet to be identified. Studies on PAHs degradation bacteria were mainly confined to laboratory conditions, and there was a lack of verification in real contaminated soils. In application, the activity of degrading bacteria and the efficiency of PAHs removal were influenced by various environmental factors, including temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and soil organic matter content. In addition, some cases utilized biological stimulation and/or bioaugmentation to significantly improve the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites. Nevertheless, the application must overcome multiple limiting factors, including reduced degrading bacteria activity, failed integration with multiple technologies, and high environmental risks and costs. Further researches should include the mechanisms of PAHs biodegradation under conditions with combined pollution and the presence of indigenous microorganisms, the regulation of physiological characteristics of degrading bacteria, and the development of novel materials. Furthermore, promoting the application of PAHs-degrading bacteria in real contaminated sites should be strengthened to achieve efficient, economical, and sustainable control of PAHs contamination
[1] |
BAO S Y, ZHAO L K, LIU Y W, et al. Influencing factors of bioaugmentation treatment of PAH-contaminated soils in slurry bioreactors[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2023,11(3):109893. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109893
|
[2] |
GHOSAL D, GHOSH S, DUTTA T K, et al. Current state of knowledge in microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,2016,7:1369.
|
[3] |
XIE J Q, TAO L, WU Q, et al. Environmental profile, distributions and potential sources of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,419:126164. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126164
|
[4] |
ZHANG X, YANG L, ZHANG H, et al. Assessing approaches of human inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2021,18(6):3124. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063124
|
[5] |
CHERUIYOT N K, LEE W J, MWANGI J K, et al. An overview: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from the stationary and mobile sources and in the ambient air[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15(7):2730-2762. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0627
|
[6] |
ZHANG A P, YE X T, YANG X D, et al. Elevated urbanization-driven plant accumulation and human intake risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crops of peri-urban farmlands[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2022,29(45):68143-68151. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20623-1
|
[7] |
TOMEI M C, DAUGULIS A J. Ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils: an overview of conventional and innovative technologies[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2013,43(20):2107-2139. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2012.672056
|
[8] |
KUPPUSAMY S, THAVAMANI P, VENKATESWARLU K, et al. Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions[J]. Chemosphere,2017,168:944-968. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115
|
[9] |
ZHU Y J, XU Y, XU J M, et al. Contrasting response strategies of microbial functional traits to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination under aerobic and anaerobic conditions[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2023,454:131548. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131548
|
[10] |
MOHD KAMI N A F, TAO W, HAMZAH N. Establishing the order of importance factor based on optimization of conditions in PAHs biodegradation[J]. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds,2022,42(5):2348-2362. doi: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1833049
|
[11] |
IMAM A, KUMAR SUMAN S, KANAUJIA P K, et al. Biological machinery for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation: a review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2022,343:126121. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126121
|
[12] |
WANG P, ZHANG Y M, JIN J, et al. A high-efficiency phenanthrene-degrading Diaphorobacter sp. isolated from PAH-contaminated river sediment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,746:140455. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140455
|
[13] |
WANAPAISAN P, LAOTHAMTEEP N, VEJARANO F, et al. Synergistic degradation of pyrene by five culturable bacteria in a mangrove sediment-derived bacterial consortium[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,342:561-570. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.062
|
[14] |
LIU Y L, HU H Y, ZANAROLI G, et al. A Pseudomonas sp. strain uniquely degrades PAHs and heterocyclic derivatives via lateral dioxygenation pathways[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,403:123956. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123956
|
[15] |
KUMARI S, REGAR R K, MANICKAM N. Improved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in a crude oil by individual and a consortium of bacteria[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,254:174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.075
|
[16] |
XIAO M, YIN X Y, GAI H J, et al. Effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the cometabolism of phenol and phenanthrene by a novel Chryseobacterium sp.[J]. Bioresource Technology,2019,273:56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.087
|
[17] |
ZHANG Z T, SUN J, GONG X Q, et al. Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation by a new salt-tolerant/halophilic and nitrate-reducing Virgibacillus halodenitrificans strain PheN4 and metabolic processes exploration[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,435:129085. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129085
|
[18] |
LIN H, SHI J Y, DONG Y B, et al. Construction of bifunctional bacterial community for co-contamination remediation: pyrene biodegradation and cadmium biomineralization[J]. Chemosphere,2022,304:135319. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135319
|
[19] |
ORTEGA RAMÍREZ C A, CHING T, YOZA B, et al. Glycerol-assisted degradation of dibenzothiophene by Paraburkholderia sp. C3 is associated with polyhydroxyalkanoate granulation[J]. Chemosphere,2022,291:133054. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133054
|
[20] |
CZARNY J, STANINSKA-PIĘTA J, PIOTROWSKA-CYPLIK A, et al. Acinetobacter sp. as the key player in diesel oil degrading community exposed to PAHs and heavy metals[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2020,383:121168. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121168
|
[21] |
ZHOU N, GUO H J, LIU Q X, et al. Bioaugmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil with the nitrate-reducing bacterium PheN7 under anaerobic condition[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,439:129643. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129643
|
[22] |
LI X N, LIU H L, YANG W B, et al. Humic acid enhanced pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium sp. NJS-1[J]. Chemosphere,2022,288:132613. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132613
|
[23] |
LI N, LIU R, CHEN J J, et al. Enhanced phytoremediation of PAHs and cadmium contaminated soils by a Mycobacterium[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2021,754:141198. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141198
|
[24] |
LJEŠEVIĆ M, GOJGIĆ-CVIJOVIĆ G, IEDA T, et al. Biodegradation of the aromatic fraction from petroleum diesel fuel by Oerskovia sp. followed by comprehensive GC × GC-TOF MS[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2019,363:227-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.005
|
[25] |
NALOKA K, POLRIT D, MUANGCHINDA C, et al. Bioballs carrying a syntrophic Rhodococcus and Mycolicibacterium consortium for simultaneous sorption and biodegradation of fuel oil in contaminated freshwater[J]. Chemosphere,2021,282:130973. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130973
|
[26] |
QIU X Y, WANG W W, ZHANG L G, et al. A thermophile Hydrogenibacillus sp. strain efficiently degrades environmental pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2022,24(1):436-450. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15869
|
[27] |
IMAM A, SUMAN S K, VEMPATAPU B P, et al. Pyrene remediation by Trametes maxima: an insight into secretome response and degradation pathway[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2022,29(29):44135-44147. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-18888-7
|
[28] |
VALENTÍN L, LU-CHAU T A, LÓPEZ C, et al. Biodegradation of dibenzothiophene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene in a soil slurry reactor by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. BOS55[J]. Process Biochemistry,2007,42(4):641-648. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.11.011
|
[29] |
ARIFEEN M Z U, MA Y N, WU T S, et al. Anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by fungi isolated from anaerobic coal-associated sediments at 2.5 km below the seafloor[J]. Chemosphere,2022,303:135062. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135062
|
[30] |
ZHONG Y, LUAN T G, ZHOU H W, et al. Metabolite production in degradation of pyrene alone or in a mixture with another polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon byMycobacterium sp.[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25(11):2853. doi: 10.1897/06-042R.1
|
[31] |
JIANG J, LIU H Y, LI Q, et al. Combined remediation of Cd-phenanthrene co-contaminated soil by Pleurotus cornucopiae and Bacillus thuringiensis FQ1 and the antioxidant responses in Pleurotus cornucopiae[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,120:386-393. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.028
|
[32] |
ZHONG Y, LUAN T G, LIN L, et al. Production of metabolites in the biodegradation of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene by the mixed culture of Mycobacterium sp. and Sphingomonas sp[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2965-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.113
|
[33] |
ZHANG L G, QIU X Y, HUANG L, et al. Microbial degradation of multiple PAHs by a microbial consortium and its application on contaminated wastewater[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,419:126524. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126524
|
[34] |
SHI J X, ZHANG B G, CHENG Y T, et al. Microbial vanadate reduction coupled to co-metabolic phenanthrene biodegradation in groundwater[J]. Water Research,2020,186:116354. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116354
|
[35] |
WU H Z, WANG M, ZHU S, et al. Structure and function of microbial community associated with phenol co-substrate in degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in coking wastewater[J]. Chemosphere,2019,228:128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.117
|
[36] |
QIAN Y F, XU M Y, DENG T C, et al. Synergistic interactions of Desulfovibrio and Petrimonas for sulfate-reduction coupling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,407:124385. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124385
|
[37] |
ATAGANA H I. Biodegradation of PAHs by fungi in contaminated-soil containing cadmium and nickel ions[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2009,8(21):5780-5789. doi: 10.5897/AJB2009.000-9465
|
[38] |
FESTA S, COPPOTELLI B M, MORELLI I S. Bacterial diversity and functional interactions between bacterial strains from a phenanthrene-degrading consortium obtained from a chronically contaminated-soil[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2013,85:42-51.
|
[39] |
KUPPUSAMY S, THAVAMANI P, MEGHARAJ M, et al. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by novel bacterial consortia tolerant to diverse physical settings: assessments in liquid- and slurry-phase systems[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2016,108:149-157.
|
[40] |
SAKSHI, HARITASH A K. A comprehensive review of metabolic and genomic aspects of PAH-degradation[J]. Archives of Microbiology,2020,202(8):2033-2058. doi: 10.1007/s00203-020-01929-5
|
[41] |
HESHAM A E L, MAWAD A M M, MOSTAFA Y M, et al. Biodegradation ability and catabolic genes of petroleum-degrading Sphingomonas koreensis Strain ASU-06 isolated from Egyptian oily soil[J]. BioMed Research International,2014,2014:1-10.
|
[42] |
MAWAD A, ABDEL-MAGEED W S, HESHAM A. Quantification of naphthalene dioxygenase (NahAC) and catechol dioxygenase (C23O) catabolic genes produced by phenanthrene-degrading Pseudomonas fluorescens AH-40[J]. Current Genomics,2020,21:111-118. doi: 10.2174/1389202921666200224101742
|
[43] |
JAUREGUI R, RODELAS B, GEFFERS R, et al. Draft genome sequence of the naphthalene degrader Herbaspirillum sp. strain RV1423[J]. Genome Announcements,2014,2(2):e00188-14.
|
[44] |
JEON C O, PARK M, RO H S, et al. The naphthalene catabolic (nag) genes of Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2: evolutionary implications for two gene clusters and novel regulatory control[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(2):1086-1095. doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.2.1086-1095.2006
|
[45] |
ELYAMINE A M, KAN J E, MENG S S, et al. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and fungal degradation of pyrene: mechanism pathway including biochemical reaction and catabolic genes[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(15):8202. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158202
|
[46] |
KIM D W, LEE K, LEE D H, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium species: genomic islands and ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases involved in pyrene degradation[J]. Journal of Microbiology,2018,56(11):798-804. doi: 10.1007/s12275-018-8372-0
|
[47] |
PENG T, LUO A, KAN J E, et al. Identification of a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases capable of anthracene and benz[a]anthracene oxidization from Rhodococcus sp. P14[J]. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology,2019,28(4):183-189.
|
[48] |
SHETTY A R, de GANNES V, OBI C C, et al. Complete genome sequence of the phenanthrene-degrading soil bacterium Delftia acidovorans Cs1-4[J]. Standards in Genomic Sciences,2015,10(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/1944-3277-10-1
|
[49] |
SINGLETON D R, RAMIREZ L G, AITKEN M D. Characterization of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation gene cluster in a phenanthrene-degrading Acidovorax strain[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(9):2613-2620. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01955-08
|
[50] |
CHURCHILL P F, MORGAN A C, KITCHENS E. Characterization of a pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. strain CH-2[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B,2008,43(8):698-706. doi: 10.1080/03601230802388801
|
[51] |
KRIVOBOK S, KUONY S, MEYER C, et al. Identification of pyrene-induced proteins in Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1: evidence for two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases[J]. Journal of Bacteriology,2003,185(13):3828-3841. doi: 10.1128/JB.185.13.3828-3841.2003
|
[52] |
KHAN A A, WANG R F, CAO W W, et al. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of genes encoding a polycyclic aromatic ring dioxygenase from Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(8):3577-3585. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.8.3577-3585.2001
|
[53] |
ZHOU H X, ZHANG S F, XIE J L, et al. Pyrene biodegradation and its potential pathway involving Roseobacter clade bacteria[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2020,150:104961.
|
[54] |
KIM S J, KWEON O, JONES R C, et al. Complete and integrated pyrene degradation pathway in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 based on systems biology[J]. Journal of Bacteriology,2007,189(2):464-472. doi: 10.1128/JB.01310-06
|
[55] |
CHUN H K, OHNISHI Y, MISAWA N, et al. Biotransformation of phenanthrene and 1-methoxynaphthalene with Streptomyces lividans cells expressing a marine bacterial phenanthrene dioxygenase gene cluster[J]. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry,2001,65(8):1774-1781. doi: 10.1271/bbb.65.1774
|
[56] |
SANGKHARAK K, CHOONUT A, RAKKAN T, et al. The degradation of phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene and its conversion into medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate by novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria[J]. Current Microbiology,2020,77(6):897-909. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-01883-x
|
[57] |
HARAYAMA S, REKIK M, WASSERFALLEN A, et al. Evolutionary relationships between catabolic pathways for aromatics: conservation of gene order and nucleotide sequences of catechol oxidation genes of pWW0 and NAH7 plasmids[J]. Molecular and General Genetics MGG,1987,210(2):241-247. doi: 10.1007/BF00325689
|
[58] |
WU F J, GUO C L, LIU S S, et al. Pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium gilvum: metabolites and proteins involved[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution,2019,230(3):67.
|
[59] |
PATEL A B, SINGH S, PATEL A, et al. Synergistic biodegradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene by mixed bacterial cultures[J]. Bioresource Technology,2019,284:115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.097
|
[60] |
XU X J, LIU W M, WANG W, et al. Potential biodegradation of phenanthrene by isolated halotolerant bacterial strains from petroleum oil polluted soil in Yellow River Delta[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,664:1030-1038. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.080
|
[61] |
YANG Y, CHEN R F, SHIARIS M P. Metabolism of naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene: preliminary characterization of a cloned gene cluster from Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816[J]. Journal of Bacteriology,1994,176(8):2158-2164. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.8.2158-2164.1994
|
[62] |
CHEN X, WANG W W, HU H Y, et al. Insights from comparative proteomic analysis into degradation of phenanthrene and salt tolerance by the halophilic Martelella strain AD-3[J]. Ecotoxicology,2021,30(7):1499-1510. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02310-4
|
[63] |
MISHRA S, SINGH S N. Biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene mediated by catabolic enzymes of bacteria[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2014,11(6):1571-1580. doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0300-6
|
[64] |
PATEL A B, SHAIKH S, JAIN K R, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, toxicity, and remediation approaches[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology,2020,11:562813. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562813
|
[65] |
ANOKHINA T O, ESIKOVA T Z, GAFAROV A B, et al. Alternative naphthalene metabolic pathway includes formation of ortho-phthalic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives in the Rhodococcus opacus strain 3D[J]. Biochemistry (Moscow),2020,85(3):355-368. doi: 10.1134/S0006297920030116
|
[66] |
GONG B N, WU P X, RUAN B, et al. Differential regulation of phenanthrene biodegradation process by kaolinite and quartz and the underlying mechanism[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,349:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.046
|
[67] |
SUN S S, WANG H Z, CHEN Y Z, et al. Salicylate and phthalate pathways contributed differently on phenanthrene and pyrene degradations in Mycobacterium sp. WY10[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2019,364:509-518. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.064
|
[68] |
LI X Z, PAN Y S, HU S, et al. Diversity of phenanthrene and benz[a]anthracene metabolic pathways in white rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus 14[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2018,134:25-30.
|
[69] |
POZDNYAKOVA N, DUBROVSKAYA E, CHERNYSHOVA M, et al. The degradation of three-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by wood-inhabiting fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and soil-inhabiting fungus Agaricus bisporus[J]. Fungal Biology,2018,122(5):363-372. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.02.007
|
[70] |
PARK H, MIN B, JANG Y, et al. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a mycoremediation fungus, Dentipellis sp. KUC8613[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2019,103(19):8145-8155. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-10089-6
|
[71] |
RABANI M S, SHARMA R, SINGH R, et al. Characterization and identification of naphthalene degrading bacteria isolated from petroleum contaminated sites and their possible use in bioremediation[J]. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds,2022,42(3):978-989. doi: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1759663
|
[72] |
STANINSKA-PIĘTA J, CZARNY J, PIOTROWSKA-CYPLIK A, et al. Heavy metals as a factor increasing the functional genetic potential of bacterial community for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation[J]. Molecules,2020,25(2):319. doi: 10.3390/molecules25020319
|
[73] |
HUANG Y L, WANG Y L, FENG H, et al. Genome-guided identification and characterization of bacteria for simultaneous degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and resistance to hexavalent chromium[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2019,138:78-86.
|
[74] |
ALI M, SONG X, DING D, et al. Bioremediation of PAHs and heavy metals co-contaminated soils: challenges and enhancement strategies[J]. Environmental Pollution,2022,295:118686. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118686
|
[75] |
LIU S H, ZENG G M, NIU Q Y, et al. Bioremediation mechanisms of combined pollution of PAHs and heavy metals by bacteria and fungi: a mini review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,224:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.095
|
[76] |
王荔, 张腾飞, 杨苏才, 等.焦化厂PAHs污染土壤中微生物群落多样性特征[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(4):720-726. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200251
WANG L, ZHANG T F, YANG S C, et al. Characteristics of microbial community diversity in PAHs contaminated soil of a coking plant[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(4):720-726. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200251
|
[77] |
GRAN-SCHEUCH A, RAMOS-ZUÑIGA J, FUENTES E, et al. Effect of co-contamination by PAHs and heavy metals on bacterial communities of diesel contaminated soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica[J]. Microorganisms,2020,8(11):1749. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8111749
|
[78] |
YE Q H, LIANG C Y, CHEN X W, et al. Molecular characterization of methanogenic microbial communities for degrading various types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,86:97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.027
|
[79] |
PIUBELI F A, dos SANTOS L G, FERNÁNDEZ E N, et al. The emergence of different functionally equivalent PAH degrading microbial communities from a single soil in liquid PAH enrichment cultures and soil microcosms receiving PAHs with and without bioaugmentation[J]. Polish Journal of Microbiology,2018,67(3):365-375. doi: 10.21307/pjm-2018-046
|
[80] |
KUMAR M, BOLAN N S, HOANG S A, et al. Remediation of soils and sediments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: to immobilize, mobilize, or degrade[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,420:126534. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126534
|
[81] |
GITIPOUR S, SORIAL G A, GHASEMI S, et al. Treatment technologies for PAH-contaminated sites: a critical review[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2018,190(9):546. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6936-4
|
[82] |
KUPPUSAMY S, THAVAMANI P, MEGHARAJ M, et al. Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading, pH tolerant, N-fixing and P-solubilizing novel bacteria from manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation,2016,6:204-219.
|
[83] |
BOOPATHY R. Factors limiting bioremediation technologies[J]. Bioresource Technology,2000,74(1):63-67. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00144-3
|
[84] |
PERFUMO A, BANAT I M, MARCHANT R, et al. Thermally enhanced approaches for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils[J]. Chemosphere,2007,66(1):179-184. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.006
|
[85] |
PREMNATH N, MOHANRASU K, RAO R G R, et al. A crucial review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: environmental occurrence and strategies for microbial degradation[J]. Chemosphere,2021,280:130608. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130608
|
[86] |
MARTÍN M, MONTES F J, GALÁN M A. Mass transfer rates from bubbles in stirred tanks operating with viscous fluids[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2010,65(12):3814-3824. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.015
|
[87] |
GARCÍA-OCHOA F, CASTRO E G, SANTOS V E. Oxygen transfer and uptake rates during xanthan gum production[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2000,27(9):680-690. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00272-6
|
[88] |
RATHANKUMAR A K, SAIKIA K, RAMACHANDRAN K, et al. Effect of soil organic matter (SOM) on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Pleurotus dryinus IBB 903-a microcosm study[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2020,260:110153. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110153
|
[89] |
NOZARI M, SAMAEI M R, DEHGHANI M. Investigation of the effect of co-metabolism on removal of dodecane by microbial consortium from soil in a slurry sequencing bioreactor[J]. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation,2014,5(7):253.
|
[90] |
LEYS N M, BASTIAENS L, VERSTRAETE W, et al. Influence of the carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus ratio on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by Mycobacterium and Sphingomonas in soil[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2005,66(6):726-736. doi: 10.1007/s00253-004-1766-4
|
[91] |
CHEN W, TENG Y, REN W J, et al. A highly effective polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium, Paracoccus sp. HPD-2, shows opposite remediation potential in two soil types[J]. Pedosphere,2022,32(5):673-685. doi: 10.1016/j.pedsph.2022.06.012
|
[92] |
AMPONSAH N Y, WANG J Y, ZHAO L A. Modelling PAH degradation in contaminated soils in Canada using a modified process-based model (DNDC)[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2019,83(3):605-613. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2018.11.0435
|
[93] |
CHEN B L, YUAN M X, QIAN L B. Enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil by immobilized bacteria with plant residue and biochar as carriers[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2012,12(9):1350-1359. doi: 10.1007/s11368-012-0554-5
|
[94] |
UGOCHUKWU U C, OKONKWO F, SOKARI W, et al. Bioremediation strategy based on risk assessment of exposure to residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2021,280:111650. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111650
|
[95] |
HALEYUR N, SHAHSAVARI E, JAIN S S, et al. Influence of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on PAH degradation in aged contaminated soils: response and dynamics of the bacterial community[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2019,238:49-58.
|
[96] |
BURY S J, MILLER C A. Effect of micellar solubilization on biodegradation rates of hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,1993,27(1):104-110.
|
[97] |
RODRÍGUEZ-CRUZ M S, SÁNCHEZ-MARTÍN M J, ANDRADES M S, et al. Retention of pesticides in soil columns modified in situ and ex situ with a cationic surfactant[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2007,378(1/2):104-108.
|
[98] |
JIN D Y, JIANG X, JING X, et al. Effects of concentration, head group, and structure of surfactants on the degradation of phenanthrene[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144(1/2):215-221.
|
[99] |
GARCIA-OCHOA F, GOMEZ E. Bioreactor scale-up and oxygen transfer rate in microbial processes: an overview[J]. Biotechnology Advances,2009,27(2):153-176. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.006
|
[100] |
WOO S H, JEON C O, PARK J M. Phenanthrene biodegradation in soil slurry systems: influence of salicylate and triton X-100[J]. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2004,21(2):412-418. doi: 10.1007/BF02705429
|
[101] |
ZHENG Z M, OBBARD J P. Effect of non-ionic surfactants on elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil-slurry by Phanerochaete chrysosporium[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2001,76(4):423-429.
|
[102] |
DAVE B P, GHEVARIYA C M, BHATT J K, et al. Enhanced biodegradation of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs) by marine halotolerant Achromobacter xylosoxidans using Triton X-100 and β-cyclodextrin: a microcosm approach[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79(1/2):123-129.
|
[103] |
RATHANKUMAR A K, SAIKIA K, CABANA H, et al. Surfactant-aided mycoremediation of soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Research,2022,209:112926. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112926
|
[104] |
MARCOUX J, DEZIEL E, VILLEMUR R, et al. Optimization of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' degradation in a two-liquid-phase bioreactor[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2000,88(4):655-662. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01011.x
|
[105] |
TIEHM A. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of synthetic surfactants[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1994,60(1):258-263. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.1.258-263.1994
|
[106] |
VOLKERING F, BREURE A M, RULKENS W H. Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation[J]. Biodegradation,1997,8(6):401-417. doi: 10.1023/A:1008291130109
|
[107] |
ZHANG G B, YANG X H, ZHAO Z H, et al. Artificial consortium of three E. coli BL21 strains with synergistic functional modules for complete phenanthrene degradation[J]. ACS Synthetic Biology,2022,11(1):162-175. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00349
|
[108] |
ZENELI A, KASTANAKI E, SIMANTIRAKI F, et al. Monitoring the biodegradation of TPH and PAHs in refinery solid waste by biostimulation and bioaugmentation[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2019,7(3):103054. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103054
|
[109] |
ZHANG N C, DAN A, CHAO Y Q, et al. Mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis: organic acid co-metabolism, iron-driven, and microbial response[J]. Environmental Pollution,2023,327:121608. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121608
|
[110] |
SONG L C, NIU X G, ZHOU B, et al. Application of biochar-immobilized Bacillus sp. KSB7 to enhance the phytoremediation of PAHs and heavy metals in a coking plant[J]. Chemosphere,2022,307:136084. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136084
|
[111] |
REN W J, LIU H R, MAO T Y, et al. Enhanced remediation of PAHs-contaminated site soil by bioaugmentation with graphene oxide immobilized bacterial pellets[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,433:128793. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128793
|
[112] |
QIAO K L, TIAN W J, BAI J, et al. Removal of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a microbial consortium immobilized in magnetic floating biochar gel beads[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2020,159:111489. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111489
|
[113] |
LIANG J D, WU Z J, TENG T T. Biochar prepared from Fe-rich sludge as suitable microbial carriers for facilitating biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2021,96(7):2014-2021.
|
[114] |
FIROOZBAKHT M, SEPAHI A A, RASHEDI H, et al. Investigating the effect of nanoparticle on phenanthrene biodegradation by Labedella gwakjiensis strain KDI[J]. Biodegradation,2022,33(5):441-460. doi: 10.1007/s10532-022-09991-0
|
[115] |
MANDAL S K, OJHA N, DAS N. Optimization of process parameters for the yeast mediated degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in presence of ZnO nanoparticles and produced biosurfactant using 3-level Box-Behnken design[J]. Ecological Engineering,2018,120:497-503. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.07.006
|
[116] |
LIAO X Y, WU Z Y, LI Y, et al. Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by indigenous microbes combined with chemical oxidation[J]. Chemosphere,2018,213:551-558. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.092
|
[117] |
MORA V C, MADUEÑO L, PELUFFO M, et al. Remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil by simultaneous persulfate chemical oxidation and biodegradation processes[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7548-7556.
|
[118] |
BACIOCCHI R, D'APRILE L, INNOCENTI I, et al. Development of technical guidelines for the application of in situ chemical oxidation to groundwater remediation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,77:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.016
|
[119] |
CHEN K F, CHANG Y C, CHIOU W T. Remediation of diesel-contaminated soil using in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and the effects of common oxidants on the indigenous microbial community: a comparison study[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2016,91(6):1877-1888.
|
[120] |
麻俊胜, 苟雅玲, 王兴润, 等.化学氧化后深层土壤中多环芳烃的缺氧微生物降解[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2020,10(1):97-104. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190067
MA J S, GOU Y L, WANG X R, et al. Anoxic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aged deep soil pretreated with chemical oxidation[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2020,10(1):97-104. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190067
|
[121] |
STELIGA T, KLUK D. Application of Festuca arundinacea in phytoremediation of soils contaminated with Pb, Ni, Cd and petroleum hydrocarbons[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2020,194:110409. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110409
|
[122] |
AIMAN U, ANEEQA Z, HASINA W, et al. Low-cost production and application of lipopeptide for bioremediation and plant growth by Bacillus subtilis SNW3[J]. AMB Express,2021,11(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s13568-021-01327-0
|
[123] |
GAO H, WU M L, LIU H, et al. Effect of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution levels on the soil microecosystem and ecological function[J]. Environmental Pollution,2022,293:118511. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118511
|
[124] |
XIA M Q, CHAKRABORTY R, TERRY N, et al. Promotion of saltgrass growth in a saline petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soil using a plant growth promoting bacterial consortium[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2020,146:104808.
|
[125] |
HOU J Y, LIU W X, WANG B B, et al. PGPR enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil and rhizosphere microbial community response[J]. Chemosphere,2015,138:592-598. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.025
|
[126] |
ZHU X Z, WANG W Q, CROWLEY D E, et al. The endophytic bacterium Serratia sp. PW7 degrades pyrene in wheat[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(7):6648-6656. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8345-y
|
[127] |
SAYARA T, SÁNCHEZ A. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils: process enhancement through composting/compost[J]. Applied Sciences,2020,10(11):3684. ◇ doi: 10.3390/app10113684
|