Research of technical specification system for the overall process of pollution control in metal-related historic abandoned mines

Heavy metal pollution from metal-related historical abandoned mines is a long-standing ecological and environmental problem in China that still has not been well resolved, and is an important source of risk affecting ecological security in China. Although the pollution prevention and control of metal-related historical abandoned mines has been rapidly developed since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the remediation technology is still immature and the relevant standards are lacking because of the relatively short overall remediation process in China. Therefore, the urgency and systematic requirements of pollution prevention and control are more prominent. At present, there are few technical specification documents directly aimed at historical abandoned mines in China and there is a lack of systematic and effective engineering technical specification standard system, resulting in poor pollution prevention and risk control effect of metal-related historical abandoned mines. Typical ecological and environmental problems in pollution prevention and control of heavy metal mines were analyzed firstly, the technical specifications for reference in pollution prevention and control projects of historical abandoned mines were sorted out, and then the differences between current technical documents and actual needs were compared. According to the principles of comprehensiveness, pertinence, systematisms and coordination, the framework of technical specification system for pollution prevention and control of historical abandoned mines involved in metal was constructed from seven main dimensions, including investigation and monitoring, assessment and evaluation, program preparation, engineering investigation and design, implementation of treatment and restoration projects, project acceptance and effectiveness evaluation, and information system construction. The requirements for formulating technical normative documents were put forward, in order to provide decision-making reference for environmental managers and standard researchers. It was suggested that on the basis of comprehensively carrying out the investigation of historical abandoned mines, the technical standards for pollution prevention and control of all kinds of historical abandoned mines should be established as soon as possible, so as to provide guarantee for implementing the ecological environmental protection plan and deepening the battle for pollution prevention and control during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.