Research on hazardous waste classification method based on hazard assessment: taking the electronics industry as an example

To address the risk comparison between different hazardous characteristics and explore the classification management of hazardous wastes, toxic and hazardous substances in hazardous wastes were taken as risky substances. Referring to the concept of critical quantity in the risk source evaluation method in Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Hazardous Chemicals (GB 18218-2018) and Classification Method for Environmental Accident Risk of Enterprise (HJ 941-2018), the concepts of hazard value and hazard rate of hazardous wastes were proposed to quantify the hazardousness of hazardous waste, establish hazardous waste grading methods, and grade hazardous waste and waste-producing enterprises. 7 kinds of hazardous wastes from 5 enterprises of the electronic industry in Beijing were sampled and tested, and they were evaluated according to the established method. The results show that the collected hazardous wastes involve flammability, corrosiveness and toxicity, with the hazard rate ranging from high to low being the hazardous wastes with flammability, corrosiveness and toxicity, respectively. The hazard value of waste organic solvents and pickling waste liquid is higher. The hazard values of hazardous wastes of the enterprises in descending order are in the following order A (6.13), B (2.12), C (1.23), E (1.20), D (0.82). The study shows that the hazard rate can distinguish the inherent hazards of hazardous waste itself and can be used as an indicator for hazardous waste classification. The risks of hazardous wastes with different hazardous characteristics can also be compared. The hazard value can be used as a reference for enterprise hazardous waste classification and management.