Application of microbial technology in ecological protection and restoration of agriculture, forestry and grassland: an example of mycorrhizal fungi

Microbial technology, as an alternative method applied in ecological protection and restoration over the past decade, possesses significant research and development potential due to its efficient, environmental-friendly, and non-toxic characteristics. As a microbial tool to enhance plant yield, quality, and resistance, mycorrhizal fungi have been extensively studied, and numerous patents and products in the fields of agriculture, forestry, and grassland ecological protection and restoration have been developed. By reviewing existing domestic and foreign research, this study summarized the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing plant nutrient absorption, improving soil properties, and utilizing pollution for remediation. Through investigating related products and technologies, it analyzed the current gaps and practical challenges faced in the development of mycorrhizal technology. It aimed to enhance public understanding of mycorrhizal technology, promote the development of microbial products and remediation technologies that combine ecological benefits with commercial value, and accelerate the realization of sustainable agriculture, forestry, and grassland management.