Integrated emission inventory of air pollutants and CO₂ in Binzhou City (2016-2021)

To analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of air pollutants and CO₂ emissions in Binzhou City from 2016 to 2021, a comprehensive emission inventory for six air pollutants and CO₂ in the city was established using the emission factor method based on survey activity level data. The emission inventory of the year 2021 was allocated into a spatial grid of 1 km×1 km using ArcGIS software. The results showed that the emissions of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO_x, and NH₃ decreased from 2016 to 2021. SO₂ and CO emissions significantly decreased year by year from 2016 to 2017 and remained relatively stable after 2017. CO₂ emissions showed an upward trend. In 2021, the emissions of SO_2, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO_x, CO, NH₃, and CO₂ in Binzhou were 18 739, 20 082, 27 054, 64 413, 335 083, 27 920 t, and 48 248 kt, respectively. High-emission areas were distributed in industrial parks and densely populated areas. NO_x emission was dominated by road network. CO emission was influenced by both road network and population. SO₂ emission was higher in industrial parks. NH₃ emission was distributed in agricultural areas. Particulate matter and CO₂ emissions were influenced by population density, road network density, and economic activity. Analysis of pollution equivalent showed that after the technological transformation from 2016 to 2017, the ratio between emission of CO₂ and pollutants was higher compared to other provinces and cities with similar levels of development. The city's clean development effect was significant.