Current status, challenges, and countermeasures of carbon capture technology application in key industries

Carbon capture serves as a critical technology for achieving large-scale greenhouse gas emission reduction, providing a feasible technical solution for deep decarbonization in key industries such as power, steel, cement, and chemicals. The mainstream technologies of carbon capture include chemical absorption, solid adsorption, membrane separation, and oxy-fuel combustion, which have been applied in many fields. At present, chemical absorption is the most widely used method and is applicable to power, petrochemical, steel and other industries. In addition, to capture CO₂ at different concentrations, the compression liquefaction-low temperature distillation and chemical absorption-solid adsorption coupling methods are used in the petrochemical and steel industries, respectively. In general, the main problems faced by carbon capture technology in key industries are high investment and operation costs, the need for improved absorbents performance, and varying application scenarios across different industries. To address these issues, efforts should focus on developing new high-efficiency absorbents and intelligent amine-blending technology that can significantly reduce regeneration energy consumption and enhance adaptability to flue gas fluctuations. At the same time, it is necessary to develop high-throughput, low-energy core components within the equipment to reduce its size and operating costs, thereby driving the large-scale application of million-ton projects.