Analysis of PM2.5 pollution characteristics of a winter heavy pollution process in Xingtai City
-
摘要: 为了解邢台市秋冬季重污染过程的污染特征，于2018年11月10—16日，在邢台市一中、内丘以及沙河3个点位采集PM2.5样品，分析PM2.5浓度及其化学组分。结果表明：重污染过程期间邢台市PM2.5平均浓度为176.2 μg/m3，超过 GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值1.4倍；水溶性离子以NO3 −、SO4 2−和NH4 +为主，平均浓度分别为（32.3±13.4）、（16.4±9.0）和（15.0±6.8）μg/m3，分别占PM2.5的18.3%、9.3%和8.5%，3种离子浓度在污染加重时较污染初期分别升高了0.8、2.3和1.2倍；OC平均浓度为（12.9±5.8）μg/m3，占PM2.5的7.4%，EC平均浓度为（4.6±1.4）μg/m3，占PM2.5的2.7%。邢台市该次重污染过程以二次污染为主导，主要受到燃煤及机动车排放影响较大。Abstract: In order to understand the pollution characteristics of heavy pollution process in Xingtai City in autumn and winter, PM2.5 samples were collected at three points in the city, including No.1 Middle School, Neiqiu and Shahe, during the pollution process on November 10-16, 2018, to analyze the changes of PM2.5 concentration and chemical composition. The results showed that during the heavy pollution process, the average PM2.5 concentration of Xingtai City was 176.2 μg/m3, which exceeded the secondary standard limit of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) by 1.4 times. The water-soluble ions were mainly NO3 −, SO4 2−and NH4 +, with the average concentrations of （32.3±13.4）, （16.4±9.0） and （15.0±6.8）μg/m3, which accounted for 18.3%, 9.3% and 8.5% of PM2.5, respectively. The concentration of the three ions increased by 0.8, 2.3 and 1.2 times when the pollution was aggravated compared with the initial stage of the pollution. The average concentration of OC was (12.9±5.8) μg/m3, accounting for 7.4% of PM2.5, and the average concentration of EC was (4.6±1.4) μg/m3, accounting for 2.7% of PM2.5. This pollution process in Xingtai City was dominated by secondary pollution, which was mainly affected by coal combustion and motor vehicle emissions.
-
Key words:
- Xingtai City /
- heavy pollution process /
- PM2.5 /
- chemical composition /
- pollution characteristics
-
图 2 污染过程期间PM2.5浓度变化及其空间分布特征
Figure 2. PM2.5 concentration variations and spatial distribution characteristics during the heavy pollution process
图 4 污染过程期间PM2.5中离子浓度的变化
Figure 4. Changes of concentrations of ions during the heavy pollution process
图 5 污染过程期间离子占比变化
Figure 5. Ratio variations of ions during the heavy pollution process
图 6 PM2.5中OC和EC浓度与OC/EC变化
Figure 6. Variations of OC and EC of concentrations and OC/EC in PM2.5
-
[1] 中国环境监测总站. 中国环境状况公报(2013—2017年)[A/OL]. [2021-03-10]. http://www.cnemc.cn/jcbg/zghjzkgb/. [2] 张霖琳, 王超, 刀谞, 等.京津冀地区城市环境空气颗粒物及其元素特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学,2014,34(12):2993-3000.ZHANG L L, WANG C, DAO X, et al. Characterization of elements in air particulate matters in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megacities, China[J]. China Environmental Science,2014,34(12):2993-3000. [3] 贾岳清, 殷惠民, 周瑞, 等.北京初冬季PM2.5中无机元素与二次水溶性离子浓度特征[J]. 环境化学,2018,37(12):2767-2773. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018031202JIA Y Q, YIN H M, ZHOU R, et al. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions and inorganic elements of PM2.5 in Beijing[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(12):2767-2773. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018031202 [4] SUN Y L, ZHUANG G S, TANG A H, et al. Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in haze-fog episodes in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2006,40(10):3148-3155. [5] 李杏茹, 白羽, 陈曦, 等.北京冬季重污染过程大气细颗粒物化学组成特征及来源分析[J]. 环境化学,2018,37(11):2397-2409. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018011401LI X R, BAI Y, CHEN X, et al. Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 during winter in Beijing[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(11):2397-2409. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018011401 [6] 李伟芳, 白志鹏, 魏静东, 等.天津冬季大气中PM2.5及其主要组分的污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学,2008,28(6):481-486. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2008.06.001LI W F, BAI Z P, WEI J D, et al. Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its main components in Tianjin winter atmosphere[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(6):481-486. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2008.06.001 [7] 牛宏宏, 王宝庆, 刘博薇, 等.天津冬季PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征研究[J]. 环境污染与防治,2019,41(5):592-595.NIU H H, WANG B Q, LIU B W, et al. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control,2019,41(5):592-595. [8] 路娜, 李治国, 周静博, 等.2015年石家庄市采暖期一次重污染过程细颗粒物在线来源解析[J]. 环境科学,2017,38(3):884-893.LU N, LI Z G, ZHOU J B, et al. Online source analysis of particulate matter(PM2.5) in a heavy pollution process of Shijiazhuang City during heating period in 2015[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(3):884-893. [9] 康苏花, 高康宁, 赵鑫, 等.石家庄市春节期间大气颗粒物有机碳和元素碳的变化特征[J]. 中国环境监测,2014,30(6):77-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6002.2014.06.013KANG S H, GAO K N, ZHAO X, et al. Atmospheric particles of organic carbon and elemental carbon variation during the spring festival in Shijiazhuang[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2014,30(6):77-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6002.2014.06.013 [10] 张浩杰, 高健, 孙孝敏, 等.唐山市2017年采暖期不同污染等级PM2.5化学组分特征对比与来源分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2019,32(5):776-786.ZHANG H J, GAO J, SUN X M, et al. Comparison and analysis of PM2.5 chemical composition characteristics and source of different grade pollution in Tangshan City during 2017 heating period[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(5):776-786. [11] 环境保护部. 环境空气质量监测点位布设技术规范: HJ 664—2013[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2013. [12] 国家环境保护总局. 环境空气质量监测规范(试行)[S/OL]. (2007-01-19)[2021-03-10]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/zj/gg/200910/t20091021_171691.htm. [13] 环境保护部. 环境空气颗粒物(PM2.5)手工监测方法(重量法)技术规范: HJ 656—2013[S/OL]. [2021-03-10]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201308/W020130802495015949294.pdf. [14] 环境保护部. 环境空气质量手工监测技术规范: HJ 194—2017[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2018. [15] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 环境空气质量标准: GB 3095—2012[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2016. [16] 王佳. 郑州市PM2.5污染特性及其源解析研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2015. [17] 郭月. 郑州市PM2.5无机组分污染特征及源解析研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2017. [18] 张敬巧, 罗达通, 王少博, 等. 聊城市秋季PM2.5及水溶性离子污染特征及来源研究[J/OL]. 环境工程技术学报.doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200228.ZHANG J Q, LUO D T, WANG S B, et al. Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 during autumn in Liaocheng City[J/OL]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology.doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200228. [19] ZHANG T, CAO J J, TIE X X, et al. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: seasonal variations and sources[J]. Atmospheric Research,2011,102(1/2):110-119. [20] 刘素. 太原市大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染特征及来源解析[D]. 石家庄: 河北科技大学, 2019. [21] 赵晓楠. 石家庄市大气颗粒物中碳组分污染特征及来源解析[D]. 石家庄: 河北科技大学, 2019. [22] 王占山, 张雯娴, 安欣欣, 等.2013—2014年北京市PM2.5有机碳、元素碳变化特征[J]. 环境科学与技术,2016,39(5):157-161.WANG Z S, ZHANG W X, AN X X, et al. Variation characteristics of OC and EC in PM2.5 in Beijing during 2013-2014[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2016,39(5):157-161. [23] PAATERO P, TAPPER U. Analysis of different modes of factor analysis as least squares fit problems[J]. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems,1993,18(2):183-194. [24] 张敬巧, 吴亚君, 张萌, 等.聊城冬季一重污染过程PM2.5污染特征及成因分析[J]. 环境科学,2018,39(9):4026-4033.ZHANG J Q, WU Y J, ZHANG M, et al. PM2.5 pollution characterization and cause analysis of a winter heavy pollution event, Liaocheng City[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(9):4026-4033. [25] CASTRO L M, PIO C A, HARRISON R M, et al. Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres: estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(17):2771-2781. [26] CHOW J C, WATSON J G, LU Z Q, et al. Descriptive analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(12):2079-2112. [27] 安欣欣, 赵越, 魏强, 等.北京城区PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的变化特征[J]. 环境科学与技术,2015,38(8):214-219.AN X X, ZHAO Y, WEI Q, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM2.5 in urban of Beijing[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2015,38(8):214-219. [28] 谭吉华, 段菁春, 赵金平, 等.广州市灰霾期间大气颗粒物中有机碳和元素碳的粒径分布[J]. 环境化学,2009,28(2):267-271. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2009.02.024TAN J H, DUAN J C, ZHAO J P, et al. The size distribution of organic carbon and elemental carbon during haze period in Guangzhou[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2009,28(2):267-271. □ doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2009.02.024 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 471
- HTML全文浏览量: 222
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
