河流污染底泥原位覆盖材料及其应用研究进展

陈重军; 潘钰伟; 谢嘉玮; 谢军祥

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210107

河流污染底泥原位覆盖材料及其应用研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210107

陈重军^{1, 2, 3,},
潘钰伟¹,
谢嘉玮¹,
谢军祥¹

1.
苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
江苏水处理技术与材料协同创新中心
3.
江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51508366）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20201450）；江苏省“青蓝工程”；苏州市民生科技项目（SS202016，SS2019022）；江苏水处理技术与材料协同创新中心预研项目（XTCXSZ2019-3）；江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金项目（Zd1804）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈重军（1984—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为废水生物处理技术与机制，chongjunchen@163.com

中图分类号: X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-01

Research progress of in situ covering materials for river polluted sediment and their applications

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology
2.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment
3.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering

摘要

摘要: 原位覆盖技术是控制底泥污染的重要手段之一，覆盖材料的选择和优化作为技术核心是研究热点。综述了污染底泥原位覆盖技术的主要原理，介绍了过氧化钙、沸石、生物炭3种目前常用的覆盖材料的修复机制和修复效能。针对单一覆盖材料存在的目标污染物选择性弱、污染物二次释放、材料消耗速率过快、修复周期短等缺点，提出采用改性剂进行改性或多种覆盖材料联用的方法，可有效延长覆盖材料处理时效，避免污染物短期抑制后再次释放，提高覆盖材料对底泥污染物的修复效能，并综述了覆盖材料改性工艺及多种覆盖材料联用工艺修复污染底泥的优势和应用前景。同时，提出将来可在多种覆盖材料联用、覆盖材料的收集回用及降低生态风险等方面进一步开展研究。
- 河流 /
- 污染底泥修复 /
- 原位覆盖 /
- 覆盖材料 /
- 工艺优化
Abstract: In situ covering technology is one of the important means to control sediment pollutants, and the selection and optimization of covering materials as the technical core is a research hotspot. The main principles of in situ covering technology for sediment pollutants was summarized, and the remediation mechanism and remediation efficiency of three commonly used covering materials, including calcium peroxide, zeolite and biochar, were introduced. In view of the shortcomings of single covering material, such as weak selectivity of target pollutants, secondary release of pollutants, too fast consumption rate of materials and short remediation period, the method of modifying with modifier or combined use of multiple covering materials was proposed, which could effectively prolong the treatment time of covering materials, avoid the release of pollutants after short-term inhibition, and improve the remediation efficiency of covering materials for sediment pollutants. The advantages and application prospects of covering material modification process and combined process of various covering materials in the remediation of contaminated sediment were reviewed. At the same time, the combination of various covering materials, the collection and reuse of covering materials and the reduction of ecological risk were put forward for further research.
- river /
- polluted sediment restoration /
- in situ coverage /
- covering materials /
- process optimization

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图 1 原位覆盖技术原理示意^[19]

Figure 1. Basic principle of in situ covering technology

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图 2 生物炭去除底泥中重金属的机制

Figure 2. Mechanism of biochar removal of heavy metals from sediment

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表 1 制备CP缓释氧剂的不同材料

Table 1. Different materials for preparation of calcium peroxide sustained release oxygen agent

制备产物	包埋材料	主要目标污染物	释氧周期/d	数据来源
CP@PEG2000-SA缓释氧珠	聚乙二醇2000、硬脂酸	Al-P、Fe-P	35	文献[52]
沸石-CP缓释氧珠	沸石	NH₄ ⁺-N	21	文献[53]
海藻酸盐缓释氧珠	Al³⁺、海藻酸盐		10	文献[54]
CP混凝土	水泥:砂:粉煤灰:氯化铵:磷酸钾:水（质量比）为1.4:0.7:1.3:0.7:0.8:2.0	PCE	100	文献[55]
竹生物炭-聚乙烯醇珠	柠檬酸盐:聚乙烯醇:竹制生物炭(质量比)为2.22:9.23:31.50	甲苯、二甲苯	104	文献[56]

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表 2 不同改性沸石的改性材料及覆盖效果

Table 2. Modified materials and covering effect of different modified zeolite

改性方法	改性材料	目标污染物	改性效果	数据来源
酸改性	HCl	Al²⁺	极端孔径降至0.023 mL/g，Al²⁺吸附效能提升40%	文献[62]
碱改性	NaOH	NH₄ ⁺-N	吸附容量提升至改性前的2倍（28.35 mg/g）	文献[63]
镧改性	镧	磷	吸附持续性增加（20 d），最大吸附量增加2 mg/g	文献[60]
锆镧改性	FeSO₄·7H₂O、 ZrOCl₂·8H₂O	PO₄ ³⁻-P	吸附量高于锆改性、镧改性	文献[66]

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表 3 不同改性生物炭的覆盖效果

Table 3. Covering effect of different modified biochar

改性方法	改性材料	改性效果	目标污染物	改性后去除效能	数据来源
酸改性	HCl	比表面积增加29.7 m²/g	五氯苯酚(C₆HCl₅O)	去除率提升23.2%	文献[70]
碱改性	20%KOH+10%NaOH	增加乳糖基、酚基、羧基	Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺	去除率提升35%	文献[71]
超声波改性	硫酸+超声波	含氧官能团增至改性前1.7倍，比表面积增加5.1倍	Cr(Ⅵ)	最大吸附量提高17.8 mg/g	文献[72]
紫外辐射改性	紫外辐射	极性基团增加	苯、甲苯	吸附量分别提高115.53、 228.38 mg/g	文献[74]
金属改性	Al(OH)₃		Pb²⁺	吸附量提高36.82 mg/g	文献[75]

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