土壤改良剂改良酸化土壤的研究进展

刘娇娴; 崔骏; 刘洪宝; 潘琦; 何小松

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210119

土壤改良剂改良酸化土壤的研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210119

刘娇娴^{1, 2,},
崔骏²,
刘洪宝²,
潘琦^{1, 2},
何小松^{1, 2, ,}

1.
桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1101300）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘娇娴(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤修复，860942228@qq.com

通讯作者:
何小松(1982—)，男，研究员，博士，主要从事土壤修复和固体废物处理处置技术研究， hexs82@126.com

中图分类号: X53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-12

Research progress of soil amelioration of acidified soil by soil amendments

LIU Jiaoxian^{1, 2
,},
CUI Jun²,
LIU Hongbao²,
PAN Qi^{1, 2},
HE Xiaosong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要: 推进酸化土壤改良，提高农业生产力是实现作物提质增收和发展绿色农业的重要任务。土壤改良剂具有降低土壤酸度、增加土壤养分、优化土壤结构、提高微生物活性、改善土壤微环境等作用，在修复酸化土壤方面具有重要意义。基于上述背景，从离子迁移转化角度阐明土壤酸化成因，总结酸性改良剂分类、作用机理、改良效果及其对作物长势的影响；指明现有改良剂在酸化土壤改良方面存在的问题，提出新型土壤改良剂研发方向以及在应用过程中的关键影响因素；最后对改良剂未来发展趋势进行展望，以期为土壤改良剂的研发和制备提供借鉴。
- 土壤改良剂 /
- 酸化土壤 /
- 酸化原因 /
- 土壤结构 /
- 提质增收
Abstract: Improving acidified soil to improve agricultural productivity is an important task for improving crop quality, income and developing green agriculture. Soil amendments can reduce soil acidity, increase soil nutrients, optimize soil structure, enhance microbial activity, and improve soil microenvironment, which are of great significance in remediation of the acidified soil. The causes of soil acidification in terms of the ion migration and transformation were expounded, and the classification, action mechanism, improvement effect of the soil amendments and their influence on crop growing were summarized. The existing problems of the soil amendments in terms of acidified soil improvement was pointed out. The research and development directions of new-type soil amendments as well as the influencing factors in their applications were put forward. Finally, the future development trends of the soil amendments were prospected, which could provide reference for the research, development, and preparation of the soil amendments.
- soil amendment /
- acidified soil /
- acidification reason /
- soil structure /
- improve crop quality and yield

HTML全文

图 1 土壤酸化成因^[20-21]

Figure 1. Causes of soil acidification

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 土壤改良剂改善土壤酸环境机理

Figure 2. Mechanism of soil amendments to improve soil acid environment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 土壤改良剂改善养分机理

Figure 3. Mechanism of soil amendments to improve nutrients

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 土壤团聚体团聚方式^[85]

注：1为微、小团聚体团聚方式；2为大团聚体团聚方式。

Figure 4. Mode of soil aggregate formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 常见酸性改良剂的优缺点^[9]

Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of common acidification amendments

改良剂	物质组成	优点	缺点
石灰类	石灰石、生石灰、熟石灰、白云石等	酸度改良见效快、效果好；增加土壤钙、镁浓度	亚表层酸度改良不佳；易造成土壤板结；用量大，运输成本高
矿物和工业副产品	硅酸钙粉、磷石膏、碱渣、粉煤灰等	酸度改良效果好；提供土壤无机养分	易导致重金属风险；有机质含量低
有机物料	秸秆、腐熟粪便、堆肥产品等	增加土壤有机质、微生物和酶活性；改善土壤物理性质	排放温室气体；养分淋溶流失；需与化肥配施；需多次施用
生物质炭	生物炭、改性生物炭	无机养分较多；增加微生物和酶活性；固碳	排放温室气体；养分淋溶流失；有机质含量低；团聚性改善效果不佳；成本高；长期研究不足

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 微生物测试指标^[91]

Table 2. Microbiological test indicators

微生物/酶	测试指标
微生物	群落结构、丰富性和多样性、总生物量、生物量
酶（碳循环）	β-D-纤维二糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、 α-葡萄糖苷酶、转化酶、蔗糖酶、水解酶
酶（氮循环）	脲酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、蛋白酶
酶（硫循环）	硫酸酯酶、芳基硫酸酯酶
酶（磷循环）	磷酸单酯酶、碱性/酸性磷酸酶
酶（碳和氮循环）	N-乙酰基-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶
酶（氧化酶）	过氧物酶、酚氧化酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶
酶（真菌活性）	几丁质酶

下载: 导出CSV

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