垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质与重金属络合机制研究现状及展望

寇兵; 袁英; 惠坤龙; 李金灵; 鱼涛; 杨博; 屈撑囤

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210264

垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质与重金属络合机制研究现状及展望

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210264

寇兵^{1, 2,},
袁英²,
惠坤龙^{2, 3},
李金灵¹,
鱼涛¹,
杨博¹,
屈撑囤^1, ,

1.
西安石油大学化学化工学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院
3.
上海大学环境与化学工程学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41807184，21808182)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（2020YSKY-006）；西安市科技计划项目（2020KJRC0098）

详细信息

作者简介:
寇兵（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为固体废物资源化，1914066150@qq.com

通讯作者:
屈撑囤（1964—），男，教授，研究方向为油气田环境保护，xianquct@163.com

中图分类号: X703
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Current research situation and prospect of the complexation mechanism between dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in landfill leachate

KOU Bing^{1, 2
,},
YUAN Ying²,
HUI Kunlong^{2, 3},
LI Jinling¹,
YU Tao¹,
YANG Bo¹,
QU Chengtun^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University

摘要

摘要:
垃圾渗滤液中富含的溶解性有机质（DOM）包含羟基、羧基、羰基等多种活性官能团，是重金属在环境介质中迁移的重要载体。垃圾渗滤液因来源不同，其中的DOM组分与重金属种类、含量也存在显著差异。 DOM 与重金属之间常见的反应以络合作用为主，该作用是影响渗滤液中DOM和重金属形态及环境行为效应的关键。然而，DOM络合过程十分复杂，为了解析络合作用，有效的表征方法及据此建立的络合模型，是厘清垃圾渗滤液DOM与重金属络合机制的重要技术手段。重点介绍了荧光技术、紫外-可见光谱法、红外光谱法等DOM表征方法以及常用的络合模型，综述了络合过程中pH、DOM组成、重金属离子等影响因素，以期揭示渗滤液中重金属的形态转化规律，为污染修复技术提供理论指导。
- 垃圾填埋场 /
- 溶解性有机质 /
- 重金属 /
- 络合作用
Abstract:
The dissolved organic matter rich in landfill leachate contains hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and other active functional groups. It is an important carrier for the migration of heavy metals in environmental media. Due to different sources of landfill leachate, there are also significant differences in DOM component composition, types and contents of heavy metals. The common reaction between DOM and heavy metals is mainly complexation whicn is the key to affect the forms and environmental behavior of DOM and heavy metals in leachate. However, due to the complexity of DOM complexation process and in order to analyze the complexation effect, an effective characterization method and a complexation model based on it are important technical means to clarify the complexation mechanism between DOM and heavy metals in landfill leachate. The authors focused on the DOM characterization methods such as fluorescence technology, UV-Vis spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy and common complexation models, and summarized the influencing factors such as pH, DOM composition and heavy metal ions in the complexation process, in order to provide theoretical guidance for pollution remediation technology and revealing the morphological transformation law of heavy metals in leachate .
- landfill site /
- dissolved organic matter /
- heavy metals /
- complexation

HTML全文

表 1 DOM荧光峰波长对应的荧光物质

Table 1. Fluorescent substances corresponding to DOM fluorescence peak wavelengths

荧光物质类型	（Ex/Em）/（nm/nm）	数据来源
紫外类腐殖质	260/380~460	文献[48]
紫外类腐殖质	320~360/420~460	文献[48]
紫外类腐殖质	250(385)/504	文献[49-50]
紫外海洋类腐殖质	290~310/370~410	文献[49-50]
类络氨酸、类蛋白质	275/300	文献[30,51]
类色氨酸、类蛋白质	278/340	文献[47,52-53]
色素类物质	398/660	文献[49-50]
未知	280/370	文献[49-50]

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表 2 三维荧光光谱参数及表征信息

Table 2. Three dimensional fluorescence spectral parameters and their characterization information

光谱参数	计算方法	表征信息
荧光指数(FI)^[48]	Ex为340 nm，Em为450与500 nm处荧光强度比值	DOM微生物来源有机质占总有机质比例
生物源指数(BIX)^[47]	Ex为310 nm，Em为380与430 nm处荧光强度比值	DOM自生源相对贡献率
腐殖化指数(HIX)^[47]	Ex为255 nm，Em为434~480和300~345 nm峰面积比值	DOM腐殖化程度

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表 3 紫外-可见光光谱法DOM的表征指标

Table 3. Characterization indexes of DOM by UV-Vis spectrometry

指标	表征信息	数据来源
A₂₅₀/A₃₆₅	与DOM分子量成正比	文献[30]
A₂₆₀	与DOM疏水组分成正比	文献[58] 文献[58]
A₂₄₀/A₄₂₀	与紫外光和可见光吸收能力成反比	文献[58] 文献[58]
A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃	与DOM芳环上酯基、羧基、羟基、羰基含量成正比	文献[30]
A₄₆₅/A₆₆₅	与DOM腐殖化程度成正比	文献[58] 文献[58]
SUVA₂₅₄	与DOM芳香化程度成正比	文献[58] 文献[58]

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表 4 DOM络合重金属表征方法的汇总与比较

Table 4. Summary and comparison of the characterization methods of DOM complex heavy metals

方法	应用程度	优点	缺点
荧光猝灭法^[66]	适中	方法简单，高效	误差相对较大
同步荧光光谱法^[40]	适中	谱图简化、选择性较高，且样品不需预分离	存在光散射干扰
三维荧光光谱法^[67]	广泛	分析便捷、灵敏度高，样品不需预分离，不破坏样品；可得到DOM来源、腐殖化程度等信息；同时联合平行因子方法可将DOM分为单个荧光组分，便于分析	存在内滤效应及光散射效应
紫外-可见光谱法^[68]	广泛	灵敏度较高、分析快速；可得到DOM分子量、芳香化程度等信息	部分有机物没有吸收或吸收不强烈
红外光谱法^[68]	广泛	操作简便，可对配位化合物进行分析，同时可得到DOM中的官能团结构	准确度、灵敏度相对较低

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