Integration of the basin water-quality target management technologies in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
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摘要:
流域水质目标管理已成为发达国家水环境管理的主要模式。京津冀地区是海河流域的核心区域，也是国家生态环境保护的重点地区。针对京津冀地区水资源、水环境、水生态（简称“三水”）统筹系统管理中面临的水资源短缺和统筹调配能力不足、水环境污染严重和协同治理水平较弱以及水生态退化且稳定性趋向脆弱等问题，从“十一五”“十二五”及“十三五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（简称水专项）涉及到京津冀管理技术相关研究内容的项目及课题中提炼关键技术并进行集成，根据技术特点对集成技术从生态水量保障管理技术与政策，基于水资源、水环境、水生态3个方面进行凝练，进一步构建京津冀地区“三水”统筹的流域水质目标管理集成技术体系框架。应用集成技术对京津冀地区重点流域水质目标管理思路的构建展开思考并提出工作建议，以期支撑京津冀地区经济社会与生态环境保护协同发展新形势下水生态环境精细化管理能力提升。
Abstract:Watershed water quality target management has become the main mode of water environment management in developed countries. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the core area of Haihe River, is the key area for national ecological and environmental protection. There existed several main problems, such as the shortage of water resources and the insufficient ability of overall allocation, the serious pollution of water environment and the weak level of collaborative governance, and the degradation and fragile stability of water ecology, in the overall planning and system management of the "three water", i.e. water resources, water environment and water ecology, in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. To solve these problems, key technologies were screened out and integrated from the projects related to the management technologies in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, based on the National Water Pollution and Treatment Science and Technology Water Major Project (briefly referred to as Water Major Project) during the 11th, 12th and 13th Five-year Plan periods. According to the technical characteristics, the integrated technologies were divided into three categories, including ecological water quantity guarantee management technology and policy, watershed pollutant discharge control based on water quality objectives, and ecological health and service function evaluation of river ecological corridor and spatial pattern construction and optimization technology. Therefore, the integration technology framework of watershed water quality target management was developed for the "three waters" overall planning and system management in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The integrated technologies were applied to think about the construction of water quality objective management in key river basins of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and work suggestions were proposed to support the coordinated development of economy, society and eco-environmental protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and improve the fine management ability of water ecological environment in the new situation.
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图 2 “三水”统筹的流域水质目标管理技术集成体系框架
Figure 2. Technical framework of watershed water-quality target management technology based on "three waters"
表 1 不同阶段水专项涉及的京津冀地区相关课题
Table 1. Related projects of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region involved in Water Major Project in different periods
阶段 课题名称 课题编号 “十一五” 重点流域水生态功能一级二级分区研究 2008ZX07526-002 海河流域北运河水系水环境实时管理决策支持系统研究与示范 2009ZX07209-001 北运河水系水量水质联合调度关键技术与示范研究 2008ZX07209-002 北运河下游河灌区水污染控制与河道水质保持技术研究与示范 2008ZX07209-006 白洋淀流域污染负荷削减技术与工程示范 2008ZX07209-007 白洋淀草型富营养化和沼泽化逐级治理技术与工程示范 2009ZX07209-008 白洋淀流域生态需水保障及水生态系统综合调控技术与集成示范 2008ZX07209-009 海河流域水污染综合治理技术集成与总体方案 2009ZX07209-010 “十二五” 重点流域水生态功能三级四级分区研究 2012ZX07501-002 海河北系（北京段）河流水质改善集成技术与综合示范 2012ZX07203-001 海河北系（天津段）河流水质改善集成技术与综合示范 2012ZX07203-002 海河南系子牙河流域（河北段）水污染控制与水质改善集成技术与综合示范 2012ZX07203-003 海河北系永定河-洋河段水污染控制与水质改善技术集成与综合示范 2015ZX07203-005 海河流域河流生态完整性影响机制与恢复途径研究 2012ZX07203-006 海河南系子牙河流域下游湿地生态恢复关键技术与示范 2014ZX07203-008 海河干流水环境质量改善关键技术与综合示范 2014ZX07203-009 海河流域水资源调蓄区水质保障及生态修复关键技术研究与示范 2014ZX07203-010 海河南系独流减河流域水质改善和生态修复技术集成与示范 2015ZX07203-011 “十三五” 京津冀地区水环境保护战略及其管理政策研究 2018ZX07111-001 永定河流域水质目标综合管理示范研究 2018ZX07111-002 北运河流域水质目标综合管理示范研究 2018ZX07111-003 大清河流域（白洋淀）水质目标综合管理示范研究 2018ZX07111-004 京津冀区域水环境管理大数据平台开发研究 2018ZX07111-005 张家口地区水源涵养功能保持与生态空间优化总体方案研究 2017ZX07101-001 冬奥会核心区生态修复与水源涵养功能提升技术与示范 2018ZX07101-002 妫水河世园会及冬奥会水质保障与流域生态修复技术 2017ZX07101-004 永定河（北京段）河流廊道生态修复技术与示范 2017ZX07101-005 北运河上游水环境治理与水生态修复综合示范 2017ZX07102-001 城区景观河流水系连通与北方地区典型黑臭河道治理关键技术研究与示范 2017ZX07103-001 基于再生水的“高标准、高品质”水景观构建与水生态维系技术研究和工程示范 2017ZX07103-004 北京城市副中心高品质水生态与水环境技术综合集成研究 2017ZX07103-007 永定河生态廊道构建与水质水量联合调度研究与示范 2018ZX07105-002 海河干支流河网联动水循环净化综合调控技术研究与示范 2017ZX07106-004 天津滨海工业带水污染控制与生态修复顶层设计方案和路线图研究 2017ZX07107-001 滨海工业带尾水人工湿地构建技术研究与示范 2017ZX07107-004 水环境风险应急监管体系与应急设备研发与示范 2017ZX07107-005 京津冀地下水污染特征识别与系统防治研究 2018ZX07109-001 地下水污染监测预警与数字化技术平台研究 2018ZX07109-002 白洋淀—大清河生态流量调控与水资源保障技术研究 2018ZX07110-001 入淀湿地复合生态系统构建技术研究与工程示范 2018ZX07110-003 大清河流域生态廊道构建技术研究 2018ZX07110-006 
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