Research on the temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 at the township scales: a case study in Shijiazhuang City
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摘要:
利用261个乡镇环境空气自动监测站监测数据，结合GIS空间分析技术，在乡镇尺度下分析2018年石家庄市PM2.5时空分布特征，并探讨PM2.5与气态前体物SO2、NO2的相关性特征。结果表明：2018年261个乡镇PM2.5年均浓度为41～112 μg/m3，均超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准。PM2.5浓度总体呈西北部地势较高的山区低于东南部的平原地区、主城区低于周边县（市、区）的分布态势；石家庄市PM2.5浓度冬季最高，夏季最低，1—3月、11—12月为PM2.5污染较重的月份，4—9月为污染较轻的月份，其中8月为PM2.5月均浓度最小的月份；观测期间，PM2.5浓度与SO2、NO2浓度均呈显著正相关，相关性在夏季最低，冬季最显著，且污染程度越重的区域相关性越显著。
Abstract:The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 were analyzed at the township scales with the monitoring data from 261 automatic air quality monitoring stations of Shijiazhuang City in 2018, using the spatial analysis method of geographic information systems (GIS). The correlation characteristics between PM2.5 and its precursors (SO2, NO2) were also discussed. The results showed that the annual concentration of PM2.5 in 261 townships was 41-112 μg/m3 in 2018, which exceeded the secondary standard limit of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012). The concentration of PM2.5 was generally lower in the mountainous area with higher terrain in the northwest than that in the plain area in the southeast, and it was lower in the main urban area than that in the surrounding counties (cities and districts). In respect of seasonal variation, the average concentrations of PM2.5 in Shijiazhuang City was the highest in winter and lowest in summer. Monthly average concentrations of PM2.5 showed that it was from January to March and from November to December that the data of PM2.5 were higher than those of the rest months of the year, August was the month that with the lowest monthly average concentration. The concentration of PM2.5 was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of both SO2 and NO2 in the observation period. The degree of the correlation was the weakest in summer and the strongest in winter, and the more serious the pollution was, the more significant the degree of regional correlation was.
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Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- SO2 /
- NO2 /
- temporal and spatial distribution /
- township scales /
- Shijiazhuang City
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图 1 石家庄市261个乡镇站分布情况
Figure 1. Distribution of 261 township stations in Shijiazhuang City
图 7 各季节石家庄市PM2.5与SO2浓度相关性
Figure 7. Correlation of PM2.5 and SO2 in Shijiazhuang in four seasons
图 8 各季节石家庄市PM2.5与NO2浓度相关性
Figure 8. Correlation of PM2.5 and NO2 in Shijiazhuang in four seasons
表 1 PM2.5浓度月度分布情况
Table 1. Monthly distribution of PM2.5 concentrations
μg/m3 项目 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 采暖期 非采暖期 平均值 128 113 106 66 60 49 50 43 45 66 120 115 124 59 最大值 200 176 137 90 91 85 86 79 85 103 185 217 189 85 最小值 34 50 60 38 38 24 18 18 17 31 64 45 55 34 最大浓度差 166 126 77 52 53 61 68 61 68 72 121 172 134 51 
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