城市生活垃圾固体替代燃料的制备技术及应用

贾婷; 罗立群

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230141

城市生活垃圾固体替代燃料的制备技术及应用

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230141

贾婷^{1, 2,},
罗立群^{1, 2, ,}

1.
武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院
2.
矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51874219)

详细信息

作者简介:
贾婷（1999—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事矿物资源综合利用研究，jtt170713@163.com

通讯作者:
罗立群（1968—），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事矿物资源的高效利用与清洁生产研究，lqluollq@hotmail.com

中图分类号: X705
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- 文章访问数: 273
- HTML全文浏览量: 96
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-23
- 录用日期: 2023-08-16
- 修回日期: 2023-05-19

Preparation technology and application of solid recovered fuels from municipal solid wastes

JIA Ting^{1, 2
,},
LUO Liqun^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
2.
Mineral Resources Processing and Environment Laboratory of Hubei

摘要

摘要:
针对城市生活垃圾等固废产生量日益增多、组分复杂，处置时易产生温室气体，对其有效管理和碳减排成为当前关注的热点。介绍了城市生活垃圾处理现状及国内外固体替代燃料标准，叙述机械生物处理技术中包含的生物干化、机械分选技术等工序，分析了固体替代燃料燃烧过程中存在的潜在问题，结合城市生活垃圾常规处理和机械生物处理工艺效果，获得机械生物处理后的固体替代燃料热值达到10 536 kJ/kg，比原生垃圾热值提升了3倍，且不需要添加辅助燃料进行燃烧。固体替代燃料在水泥、电力等行业应用能提高资源有效再利用，减少化石燃料的使用，对节约成本、保护环境以及推进我国垃圾分类和碳中和进程具有重要意义。
- 城市生活垃圾 /
- 固体替代燃料（SRF） /
- 机械生物处理 /
- 热值
Abstract:
Solid wastes such as municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are increasingly produced with complex components, and greenhouse gases are generated in the process of disposal, so the effective management of such solid wastes and the carbon emission reduction have become a hot topic of current concern.The current status of MSWs treatment and the standards of solid recovered fuels at home and abroad were introduced, the processes of biological drying and mechanical sorting technology included in the mechanical biological treatment technologies were described, and the potential problems in the combustion process of solid recovered fuels were analyzed. Combining the effects of conventional treatment and mechanical biological treatment of MSWs, the calorific value of solid recovered fuels after mechanical biological treatment was obtained to reach 10 536 kJ/kg, which was three times higher than the calorific value of virgin waste and did not require the addition of auxiliary fuel for combustion. The application of solid recovered fuels in cement and electric power industries could improve the effective reuse of resources and reduce the use of fossil fuels, which was important for cost saving, environmental protection and promoting the process of waste separation and carbon neutrality in China.
- municipal solid wastes /
- solid recovered fuels (SRF) /
- mechanical biological treatments /
- calorific value

HTML全文

图 1 2011—2021年我国生活垃圾清运量及无害化处理量

Figure 1. Domestic solid waste clearance volume and harmless treatment volume in China from 2011 to 2021

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图 2 MBT与垃圾填埋场相结合流程

Figure 2. Flow chart of the combination of MBT and landfill

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图 3 生物干化过程示意^[15]

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of biological drying process

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图 4 SRF制备流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of SRF preparation

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图 5 MBT技术与常规垃圾处理效果对比

注：常规处理为罗甸县某生活垃圾焚烧厂3组平行数据，MBT处理为淄博某生活垃圾焚烧厂3组平行数据。

Figure 5. Comparison of MBT technology and conventional waste treatment effect

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表 1 我国不同城市生活垃圾物理组分占比

Table 1. The proportion of physical components of different municipal solid wastes in China %　

地区	混合/其他类	砖瓦陶瓷类	灰土类	电池类	木竹类	玻璃类	金属类	纸类	橡塑类	织物类	厨余类
北京^[6]	0	2.5	6.3	0	0.6	0.6	0.1	7.1	15.6	0.4	66.8
广州^[7]	1.79	1.79	0.04	0.03	3.09	1.83	0.62	10.53	21.3	7.85	51.12
济南^[8]	3.8	0.06	10.77	3.71	0.95	1.26	0.31	11.18	9.92	3.04	58.71
沈阳^[9]	4.14	1.18	2.64	0	0.94	3.55	0.50	2.35	8.10	1.90	74.73

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表 2 贵州省黔南州罗甸县城市生活垃圾组成

Table 2. Analysis of municipal waste composition in Luodian County, Qiannan Prefecture,Guizhou province %　

类别	生活垃圾	沙土	玻璃	金属	纸	塑料	橡胶	布	草木	厨余	白塑料	总水分
收到基成分		10.30	1.26	0.59	18.51	13.30	0.00	2.89	5.48	47.28	0.39
总成分	100	6.29	1.13	0.53	10.07	7.07	0.00	1.80	2.84	13.64	0.29	56.34
干基成分	100	14.41	2.58	1.21	23.06	16.20	0.00	4.12	6.49	31.25	0.68
可燃组分干基成分					28.19	19.81	0.00	5.03	7.94	38.21	0.83

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表 3 SRF的产品分级

Table 3. Product classification of SRF

分级特性	统计度量	单位	分级
低位热值 (Q_ARB)	平均值	MJ/kg	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
低位热值 (Q_ARB)	平均值	MJ/kg	≥25	20~25	15~20	10~15	3~10
氯含量 (Cl_ADB)	平均值	%	L1	L2	L3	L4	L5
氯含量 (Cl_ADB)	平均值	%	≤0.50	0.5~1.0	1.0~1.5	1.5~2.0	＞2.0
汞含量 (Hg_ARB)	中位数	μg/g	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5
汞含量 (Hg_ARB)	中位数	μg/g	≤0.40	0.40~0.60	0.60~0.80	0.80~1.0	1.0~2.0

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表 4 MBT工厂处理后SRF的特征

Table 4. Effect of SRF after MBT plant treatment

测试项目	含水率 / %	热值 / (kJ/kg)	灰分占比 / %
细物料	28.22	4777	38.20
SRF	25.67	10536	23.16

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表 5 SRF共燃中存在的潜在问题

Table 5. Potential problems in SRF co-combustion

质量因素	产生现象
氯含量	氯含量过高会导致锅炉钢的腐蚀，排放出高酸性气体（如氯化氢），导致多氯代二苯并-对-二噁英（PCDDs）的形成
热值	SRF比均质材料更难燃烧，且燃烧不充分
灰分含量	灰分容易导致结垢和结渣，SRF共燃产生的灰分含量可能比煤要高4~6 倍

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