钢渣应用于土壤修复的研究进展

王安; 吴美玲; 李忠元; 周玉强; 黄占斌

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230169

钢渣应用于土壤修复的研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230169

1.
中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院
2.
中建八局环保科技有限公司

基金项目: 中建八局环保科技有限公司资助项目（CCEED-2022-4-07）

详细信息

作者简介:
王安（1995—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为土壤修复与改良，wanganchina@126.com

通讯作者:
黄占斌（1961—），教授，博士，主要研究方向为植物生理生态、环境材料和化学节水技术等，zbhuang2003@163.com

中图分类号: X705
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-01
- 录用日期: 2023-05-24
- 修回日期: 2023-03-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-20

Research progress on the application of steel slag for soil remediation

1.
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
2.
CSCEC 8TH Division Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
钢渣是钢铁行业制造生产中的副产物，大量未经处理的钢渣废弃堆积，不仅严重浪费资源还占据大量的土地资源，对周边土壤和环境造成污染，甚至对人类生产和生活产生极大威胁。目前我国钢铁行业钢渣产量快速增加，但钢渣综合利用率仅20%左右，而钢渣应用于土壤修复是固体废物处置与生态建设相结合的重要方向之一。在总结钢渣资源物理化学特性的基础上，概括了钢渣应用于土壤修复的基本原理和国内外研究现状。系统分析了钢渣作为土壤改良剂、土壤肥料及土壤重金属钝化剂的主要作用：钢渣作为土壤改良剂不仅可以改良酸化土壤还可以有效减轻温室气体的排放；作为土壤肥料可以为土壤提供微量元素和养分；作为土壤重金属钝化剂可以降低土壤中重金属含量。指出钢渣应用于土壤修复的潜力，同时也探讨了钢渣应用于农业土壤中所产生的环境影响并进行了风险评估，对钢渣应用于土壤修复未来的研究方向进行了展望。
- 钢渣 /
- 改良剂 /
- 肥料 /
- 土壤修复 /
- 吸附 /
- 污染
Abstract:
Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry. A large amount of untreated steel slag waste is piled up, which not only seriously wastes resources but also occupies a large amount of land resources, thus causing pollution to the surrounding soil and environment, and even posing a major threat to human production and life. At present, the production of steel slag in China is increasing rapidly, but the comprehensive utilization rate of steel slag is only about 20%. Using steel slag for soil remediation is one of the important directions for combining solid waste disposal with ecological construction. Based on summarizing the physical and chemical properties of steel slag resources, the basic principles and status quo of using steel slag for soil remediation at home and abroad were summarized. The main functions of steel slag as a soil conditioner, soil fertilizer, and soil heavy metal passivator were systematically analyzed. Steel slag, as a soil conditioner, could not only improve acid soil but also effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a soil fertilizer, it could provide trace elements and nutrients for the soil, and as a soil heavy metal passivator, it could reduce the heavy metal content in soil. The potential of steel slag for soil remediation was pointed out, and the environmental impacts produced by steel slag used in agricultural soil were explored and the risk assessment was conducted. Finally, the future research direction for the application of steel slag in soil remediation was discussed.
- steel slag /
- improver /
- fertilizer /
- soil remediation /
- adsorption /
- pollution

HTML全文

图 1 1996—2021年中国与世界粗钢产量统计

Figure 1. China and world crude steel production statistics in 1996-2021

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图 2 我国部分钢铁厂钢渣化学成分组成

Figure 2. Chemical composition of steel slag in some steel plants in China

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图 3 钢渣对土壤中重金属固化/稳定化机理^[64]

Figure 3. Mechanism of heavy metal solidification/stabilization in soil by steel slag

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表 1 钢渣基本性质及对应的利用方式

Table 1. Basic properties of steel slag and the corresponding utilization methods

性质	利用方式
坚硬、耐磨、塑性、粗糙	水利和道路建造
多孔、碱性	污水处理
含CaO、MgO、FeO、MnO等成分	熔剂
含C₃S、C₂S、C₄AF组分	水泥和混凝土的改进
含CaO、MgO组分	CO₂捕捉和烟气脱硫
含FeO、CaO、MgO、SiO₂等组分	建筑用料、膏体填充
含肥料组分MgO、Fe₂O₃、CaO、SiO₂	肥料和土壤改良

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表 2 钢渣用于吸附重金属污染物

Table 2. Steel slag for adsorption of heavy metal contaminants

金属种类	比表面积/ （m²/g）	孔径/mm	污染物初始浓度/ （mg/L）	吸附参数				吸附效果（去除率/吸附量）
金属种类	比表面积/ （m²/g）	孔径/mm	污染物初始浓度/ （mg/L）	吸附剂用量/（g/L）	温度/℃	pH	吸附时间/h	吸附效果（去除率/吸附量）
Ni^2+‎[46]			10~100	2	20~38	1~11	4	92.15%
Zn^2+‎[47]	30.84		50~150		25~45	4~9	2.5	86 mg/g
Cu^2+‎[48]		<0.6	1 000~4 000	2	20~40	<3.50	1	99.9%
U^6+‎[49]	8.61		10	3.3	25	4.00	3	98.5%
Mn^2+[50]	30.27		100	1	25	>6.00	10	97.37%
Fe^3+‎[51]	15.10		10	1.4	30	9~11	5/3	27.55 mg/g
VO₂ ^+‎[52]		0.9~2	100	5	25	1~11	1 080	96%
MoO₄ ^2−‎[53]			200	2	20	2~10	24	60%
F^-‎[54]		<0.15	10~80	1	25~45	4~9	3	50.6 mg/g
Cr³⁺/Zn^2+‎[55]			500	0.5/1.2	25	>4.6/>6.8	22	85.79%/76.52%
Pb²⁺/AsO₄ ^3−‎[56]	20.28		444.6/288.5		20	7~10/8~9	18	99.5%/48.4%
Cd²⁺/Mn^2+‎[57]		<10×10⁻³	10	2	25	8	1.5	98.37%/98.80%
Cu²⁺/Pb²⁺/Zn^2+‎[58]		<45×10⁻³	100		25	3~5	20	244/273/508 mg/g
Ni²⁺/H₂PO₄ ⁻/NH₄ ^+[59]			10^1）	2	25	6.7	24	3.56/3.28/2.21 mmol/g
1）单位为nmol/L。

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