Characteristics of dissolved organic matters and their relationship with nitrogen in wastewater from sewage treatment plants in dry season
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摘要:
针对市政污水处理厂污水中溶解性有机质（DOM）变化及其与氮素可能存在的相互影响关系，采用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析以及相关性分析，以西南某市旱季市政污水处理厂为研究对象，探究DOM荧光组分随工艺单元的变化规律及其与氮素转化的相关性。结果表明：1）市政污水处理厂水体DOM主要由4个荧光组分组成，即类蛋白质组分C1（类酪氨酸）、C2（类色氨酸）和类腐殖质组分C3、C4。污水处理厂进水以类蛋白质组分为主，该组分占总荧光强度比例的平均值为66.5%，其中C1含量较高，其荧光强度占类蛋白质组分比例的平均值为54.6%。最终出水则以类腐殖质组分为主，该组分占总荧光强度比例的平均值为71.7%，而出水的类蛋白质组分中C2含量较高，其荧光强度占类蛋白质组分比例的平均值为99.8%。2）随处理工艺流程的进行，DOM的荧光强度基本呈现逐渐降低的趋势，尤其是C1在工艺流程中荧光强度逐渐趋于0；而类腐殖质组分相对稳定，不随处理流程的进行而变化。3）污水处理厂生物处理单元之后DOM的荧光指数（FI）均大于1.9，表明DOM以转化为自生源为主。4）污水处理厂工艺流程中${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $和溶解性总氮（DTN）与C1组分和腐殖化指数（HIX）之间有良好的相关性，采用多元回归方式可有效预测工艺流程中${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $和DTN的浓度。建议污水处理厂可根据DOM光谱性质与氮素（${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $和DTN）之间的大量数据建立普适模型，对尾水的排放和受纳水体中氮的变化趋势进行预测。
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关键词:
- 污水处理厂 /
- 溶解性有机质(DOM) /
- 特征变化 /
- 氨氮 /
- 溶解性总氮（DTN）
Abstract:To address the need for studying the variations in dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in wastewater from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and their correlation with nitrogen transformation, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, parallel factor analysis, and correlation analysis were employed, and STPs in a city in southwestern China was chosen as the research object to investigate the changes in DOM fluorescence components across different process units and their correlation with nitrogen transformation during the dry season. The results showed that: (1) DOMs in the wastewater of the STPs consisted primarily of four fluorescence components, that was protein-like components C1 (tyrosine-like), C2 (tryptophan-like), and humic-like components C3 and C4. The influent of the STPs was primarily dominated by protein-like components, which accounted for an average of 66.5% of the total fluorescence intensity. Among the protein-like components, C1 had a relatively high content, representing an average of 54.6% of the fluorescence intensity. The effluent was primarily dominated by humic-like components, which accounted for an average of 71.7% of the total fluorescence intensity. Among the protein-like components, C2 had a higher content, representing an average of 99.8% of the fluorescence intensity. (2) The fluorescence intensity of DOMs generally decreased as the treatment process progressed. In particular, the fluorescence intensity of component C1 gradually approached zero. On the other hand, the humic-like components remained relatively stable and did not change throughout the treatment process. (3) The fluorescence index (FI) values of DOMs after passing through the biological treatment units of the STPs were all above 1.9, suggesting that DOMs were predominantly converted into endogenous sources. (4) A strong correlation was observed among ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $, dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), component C1, and the humification index (HIX) in the STPs. Multiple regression could effectively predict the concentrations of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $ and DTN in water. A recommendation was made for the STPs to develop a more comprehensive model using the extensive data on DOM spectral properties and nitrogen (${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $ and DTN). This model would be able to predict the nitrogen trends in both the effluent and receiving water bodies.
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图 1 污水处理厂处理流程和采样点示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the treatment processes and sampling points of the sewage treatment plants
图 2 各污水处理厂荧光组分
注：(a)~(j)图分别表示A~J污水处理厂。
Figure 2. Four fluorescent components in the sewage treatment plants
图 3 各污水处理厂不同处理单元水样荧光组分（C1、C2、C3、C4）强度随处理流程的变化
注：图(a)~(j)分别表示污水处理厂A~J。
Figure 3. Variation of fluorescence component (C1, C2, C3, C4) intensity of water samples with treatment process in different treatment units of the sewage treatment plants
图 4 各污水处理厂不同处理单元水样荧光特性和紫外-可见光谱参数变化趋势
Figure 4. Trends in fluorescence characteristics and UV-Vis spectral parameters of water samples with treatment process in different treatment units of the sewage treatment plants
图 5 污水处理厂各指标之间的相关性矩阵
注：*表示P<0.05；**表示P<0.01；***表示P<0.001。
Figure 5. Correlation matrix among indicators of sewage treatment plants
图 6 各污水处理厂荧光光谱和紫外光谱指数主成分分析
Figure 6. Principal component analysis of fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet spectral index in wastewater treatment plants
图 7 各污水处理厂中荧光组分的荧光强度之间的线性拟合关系（P<0.05）
Figure 7. Linear fitting relationship between fluorescence intensity of fluorescent components in the sewage treatment plants
图 8 多元线性回归模型的预测值与污水处理厂实测值之间的线性拟合关系
Figure 8. Linear fitting relationship between the predicted value of the multiple linear regression model and the measured value of the sewage treatment plants
表 1 污水处理厂处理量及各厂进出水DOC、TN和${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $浓度
Table 1. The capacity of the sewage treatment plants and the concentration of DOC, TN and ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $ in the inlet and outlet of water from each plant
污水处理厂 处理量/
（104 m3/d）DOC浓度/（mg/L） TN浓度/（mg/L） ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}} $浓度/（mg/L） 进水 出水 进水 出水 进水 出水 A 10 40.63 14.14 29.73 15.00 19.82 0.40 B 13 34.57 14.28 39.78 11.88 34.73 2.54 C 20 18.44 5.77 42.23 8.79 14.51 0.66 D 10 18.44 6.68 42.23 8.79 14.51 0.66 E 1.5 67.56 14.87 17.84 14.20 10.15 0.14 F 7.5 14.56 4.29 23.49 14.04 12.09 0.40 G 6 44.25 12.48 36.47 10.35 28.59 0.75 H 9 45.04 6.91 28.06 14.46 20.70 0.32 I I1 11 32.17 10.67 33.26 9.83 19.68 0.82 I2 5 51.98 16.26 49.65 10.45 25.57 0.31 J J1 15 32.93 14.15 36.78 13.53 34.72 1.34 J2 6 16.80 4.80 26.36 15.00 16.80 0.72 
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