Analysis of the impact of road traffic emission on surrounding environment：a case study of Xuefu Road in Anning District, Lanzhou City
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摘要:
探究城市道路中机动车污染物的排放对周边环境的影响，对环境治理起着至关重要的作用。通常通过分析污染物的影响因素，来建立排放模型。根据研究尺度的不同，将应用较广泛的模型进行划分，并对模型原理、应用及存在不足等方面进行归纳和总结。为了探究学府路道路污染状况，选取COPERT模型进行污染物排放量的测算，并使用ANSYS软件模拟了道路交通排放对学府路周边环境的影响，得出了污染物地图。结果表明：学府路工作日内4项主要大气污染物NO2、CO、PM2.5、PM10排放量分别为67.7、269.1、15.1和22.8 t。数量占10.0%的轻型货车排放贡献较大，分别占机动车NO2和PM排放总量的50.5%和69.1%。通过模拟值与实测值的对比发现，COPERT模型对于中观尺度的研究具有较好的支撑。
Abstract:It is of great importance for environmental governance to explore the influence of the emission of motor vehicle pollutants on the surrounding environment in urban roads. Scholars have established various emission models by analyzing the influencing factors of pollutants. According to their different research scales, the widely used models were divided, and the principles, applications and shortcomings of the models were summarized. At last, the COPERT model was selected to calculate the main air pollutant emissions in Xuefu Road, Lanzhou City, and the ANSYS software was used to simulate the impact of road traffic emissions on the surrounding environment. The results showed that the four main air pollutants NO2, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 emitted on Xuefu Road during the working days were 67.7, 269.1, 15.1 and 22.8 t, respectively, and the light trunks, which accounted for 10.0% of the total number of motor vehicles, contributed a large amount, accounting for 50.5% and 69.1% of the total amount of motor vehicle NO2 and PM emissions, respectively. By comparing the simulated values with the measured ones, it is found that the COPERT model has a good support for mesoscale research.
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图 2 学府路污染物与车流量监测统计
Figure 2. Statistical chart of pollutants and vehicle flow monitoring on Xuefu Road
图 3 不同车型机动车污染物排放贡献率
Figure 3. Contribution rate of pollutant emissions of different vehicle types
表 1 排放模型对比
Table 1. Comparison of emission models
排放模型 研究尺度 主要参数 数据来源 开发/运行年份 MOBILE模型 宏观、中观 平均速度 台架测试 1978 COPERT模型 宏观、中观 平均速度 台架测试 1987 EMFAC模型 宏观、中观 平均速度 台架测试 1988 MOVES模型 宏观、中观 平均速度 台架测试 2001 
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表 2 学府路机动车与COPERT模型车辆对应关系
Table 2. Correspondence between Xuefu Road vehicles and COPERT vehicles
COPERT模型机动车车辆类型 学府路机动车车辆类型 小型载客汽车（汽油，排量>2.0 L） 小客车 中型载客汽车（柴油，车质量≤15 t） 公交车 大型载客汽车（柴油，车质量15~18 t） 长途客车 轻型载货汽车（柴油，车质量<3.5 t） 轻型货车 中型载货汽车（柴油，车质量3.5~12 t） 中型货车
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表 3 道路机动车日均行驶里程
Table 3. Average daily mileage of road motor vehicles
机动车类型 日均行驶里程/km 小客车 39 长途客车 157 公交车 178 轻型货车 82 中型货车 98
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表 4 路段交通运行等级划分
Table 4. Traffic operation classification of sections
道路交通运行等级 车速/（km/h） 畅通 $ \geqslant 45 $ 缓行 $ 35\sim45 $ 拥堵 $ 0\sim 35 $
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