雨污合流制地区溢流污染影响因素及管控建议

安子倩; 乔肖翠; 刘琰; 卢延娜; 李雪; 王海燕

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230810

雨污合流制地区溢流污染影响因素及管控建议

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230810

安子倩^{1, 2,},
乔肖翠¹,
刘琰¹,
卢延娜¹,
李雪¹,
王海燕^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1806301）

详细信息

作者简介:
安子倩（2000—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水污染控制与水资源利用， an15131422218@163.com

通讯作者:
王海燕（1976—），女，研究员，博士，主要从事生态环境标准研究，wanghaiyan@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X52
计量
- 文章访问数: 234
- HTML全文浏览量: 71
- PDF下载量: 47
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-07
- 录用日期: 2024-04-18
- 修回日期: 2024-01-15

Influencing factors and control suggestions for overflow pollution in areas with combined sewer system

AN Ziqian^{1, 2
,},
QIAO Xiaocui¹,
LIU Yan¹,
LU Yanna¹,
LI Xue¹,
WANG Haiyan^{1
, ,}

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
雨污合流制地区汛期溢流成为城市河流返黑返臭的重要原因，溢流污染的有效控制，对改善水环境，提升人民幸福感、获得感与安全感有着重要作用。针对雨污合流制地区汛期溢流污染防控，总结了合流制溢流污染的特点、对水环境质量的影响以及合流制溢流污染的影响因素等内容，分析了我国溢流污染严重区域的分布特征并提出管控建议。研究发现，我国合流制溢流污水呈现出成分复杂、水量水质变化大、初期雨水水质差等特点，且合流制溢流污染会导致城市面源污染，加重地表水质恶化程度。通过分析合流制溢流污染的2个主要影响因素（降水量和管网条件），初步识别出我国溢流污染严重区域主要集中在东部、南部地区，且相关性分析结果表明汛期降水量及管网密度与区域水质存在中等相关关系。为加强合流制地区溢流污染防控，提出要因地制宜制订汛期雨污溢流污染排放管控标准、开展溢流污染控制技术更新行动、加强汛期雨污溢流污染的全过程管理、加强汛期雨污溢流污染治理成效考核等具体建议，以期为有效控制合流制溢流污染，推动水环境质量持续改善提供参考。
- 雨污合流 /
- 溢流污染 /
- 汛期污染强度 /
- 源头治理 /
- 污水处理厂
Abstract:
Overflow pollution during flood season in areas with combined sewer system has become an important reason for the return of urban rivers to blackness and odor, and the effective control of overflow pollution plays an important role in improving the water environment quality and enhancing people's sense of well-being, accessibility and security. In view of the prevention and control of overflow pollution in flood season in areas with combined sewer system, the characteristics of overflow wastewater, the influence on water environment quality, and the influencing factors of overflow pollution were summarized. The distribution characteristics of areas with severe overflow pollution were analyzed and the control suggestions were put forward. The study found that the overflow wastewater from combined sewer systems in China had the characteristics of complex composition, large changes in water quantity and quality, and poor quality of initial rainwater, which caused urban non-point source pollution and led to the deterioration of surface water. By analyzing the countrywide distribution of two main influencing factors of overflow pollution, i.e. precipitation and pipe network conditions, it was preliminarily identified that the areas with serious overflow pollution were mainly distributed in the south and east of China. The correlation analysis showed that there was a moderate correlation between precipitation in flood season, pipe network density and regional water quality. In order to strengthen the prevention and control of overflow pollution in areas with combined sewer system, some specific suggestions were proposed, including developing discharge control standards for overflow pollution according to local conditions, updating technologies for controlling and treating overflow wastewater, enhancing the whole process management of overflow pollution in flood seasons, and strengthening effectiveness assessment of overflow pollution control and treatment, and so on, which hopefully could provide support for effective control of overflow pollution and promote water environmental quality continuously.
- rainwater and sewage confluence /
- overflow pollution /
- pollution intensity in flood season /
- source governance /
- sewage treatment plant

HTML全文

图 1 2020—2022年1—12月全国水质类别占比

Figure 1. Proportion of water quality categories in China from January to December, 2020 to 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2020年主要城市丰水期月降水量和年降水量

Figure 2. Monthly precipitation and annual precipitation in wet season of major cities in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 我国各省（区、市）及新疆兵团合流制管网占比及管网密度

Figure 3. Proportion and density of combined pipe network in China's provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and Xinjiang Corps

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 汛期溢流污水具体表现及对应特点

Table 1. Concrete performance and corresponding characteristics of overflow sewage in flood season

具体表现	特点
成分复杂	主要包括有机物、营养盐、SS、致病微生物、其他有毒有害物质如重金属、含氯有机物等
水量水质变化大	受降水过程中雨量变化的影响，流量变化大；受气候、降水量、下垫面的影响，污染物的性质和浓度变化大；水质随降水时间的变化呈现先升后降的趋势，初期效应明显，初期雨水的SS、COD是后期的几倍或更高
初期雨水水质差	因外渗水多为非污水，除暴雨初期外，混合污水的整体污染物浓度较低

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2020—2022年31个省（区、市）平均降水量

Table 2. Average precipitation of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China in 2020-2022 mm　

地区	省（区、市）	2020年	2021年	2022年	2020—2022 年平均值
华北地区	北京市	560.0	924.0	482.1	655.4
	天津市	534.4	984.1	584.7	701.1
	河北省	546.7	790.3	508.1	615.0
	山西省	561.3	733.0	592.5	628.9
东北地区	内蒙古自治区	311.2	343.7	271.8	308.9
	辽宁省	748.0	933.0	914.6	865.2
	吉林省	769.1	710.4	820.7	766.7
	黑龙江省	723.1	647.7	578.8	649.9
华东地区	上海市	1 554.6	1 474.5	1 072.8	1 367.3
	江苏省	1 236.0	1 190.3	813.3	1 079.9
	浙江省	1701.0	1992.5	1567.0	1 753.5
	安徽省	1 665.6	1 291.6	979.8	1 312.3
	福建省	1 439.1	1 477.1	1 712.4	1 542.9
	江西省	1 853.1	1 587.4	1 599.3	1 679.9
	山东省	838.1	979.9	878.0	898.7
华中地区	河南省	874.3	1 127.7	621.7	874.6
	湖北省	1 642.6	1269.0	987.2	1 299.6
	湖南省	1 726.8	1 490.1	1 305.3	1 507.4
华南地区	广东省	1 574.1	1 420.9	2 114.3	1 703.1
	广西壮族自治区	1 669.4	1 383.1	1 696.7	1 583.1
	海南省	1641.1	1 881.4	2 068.6	1 863.7
西南地区	重庆市	1 435.6	1 404.3	945.2	1261.7
	四川省	1 055.0	1 004.7	842.7	967.5
	贵州省	1 417.4	1 227.3	1 016.6	1 220.4
	云南省	1 157.2	1 123.9	1 173.8	1 151.6
	西藏自治区	600.6	578.7	538.7	572.7
西北地区	陕西省	690.5	954.6	671.1	772.1
	甘肃省	334.4	288.5	253.6	292.2
	青海省	367.1	356.2	341.1	354.8
	宁夏回族自治区	309.7	2735.0	253.7	279.0
	新疆维吾尔自治区	141.7	161.7	141.3	148.2

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 汛期降水量及管网条件与区域水质相关性分析结果

Table 3. Correlation analysis results of precipitation, pipe network conditions and regional water quality in flood seasons

指标	2022年管网密度		2022年降水量		2021年降水量		2020年降水量
指标	sig	相关系数	sig	相关系数	sig	相关系数	sig	相关系数
2022年汛期污染强度	0.485	0.133	0.026	0.400
劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例	0.013	−0.449	0.025	0.403	0.045	0.348	0.030	0.389

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