危险废物渗滤液阳离子和应力作用下膨润土化学相容性研究

杨延梅; 梁柱; 姚光远; 刘玉强; 徐亚; 刘景财; 钱璨

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230842

危险废物渗滤液阳离子和应力作用下膨润土化学相容性研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230842

杨延梅^1,,
梁柱^{1, 2, 3},
姚光远^{2, 3, ,},
刘玉强^{2, 3},
徐亚^{2, 3},
刘景财^{2, 3},
钱璨^{2, 3}

1.
重庆交通大学河海学院
2.
环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院
3.
生态环境部危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022YSKY-31)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨延梅（1975—），女，教授，博士，主要从事固体废物处理与处置研究，cqyymei@163.com

通讯作者:
姚光远(1990—)，男，副研究员，博士，主要从事固体废物的资源化利用、填埋处置及环境风险控制研究，yaogy@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X705
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- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-22
- 录用日期: 2024-03-01
- 修回日期: 2024-02-17

Study on chemical compatibility of bentonite under the action of cation and stress of hazardous waste leachate

YANG Yanmei^1
,,
LIANG Zhu^{1, 2, 3},
YAO Guangyuan^{2, 3
, ,},
LIU Yuqiang^{2, 3},
XU Ya^{2, 3},
LIU Jingcai^{2, 3},
QIAN Can^{2, 3}

1.
School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
膨润土因其优异的防渗性能被用于危险废物填埋场防渗屏障的构筑，但其防渗性能通常会受到渗滤液和应力的影响。通过渗滤液采样分析设置不同浓度阳离子溶液，系统探究实际渗滤液组分对膨润土防渗性能的影响规律；选用Ca²⁺作为特征阳离子研究不同应力条件下膨润土渗透系数变化规律；同时结合Zeta电位和DLVO理论计算，阐明渗滤液组分和应力作用对膨润土化学相容性影响规律。结果表明，渗滤液中Al³⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺浓度为0~0.20 mmol/L时，对膨润土膨胀特性和渗透特性影响较小。Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺浓度为0.20~50 mmol/L时，Ca²⁺对膨润土膨胀特性和渗透特性影响较大，Ca²⁺浓度由1 mmol/L上升到50 mmol/L时，渗透系数由1.15×10⁻⁷ cm/s急速上升到6.34×10⁻⁶ cm/s。Ca²⁺浓度和应力通常通过影响水化后膨润土孔隙比进而影响其渗透特性，相同Ca²⁺浓度条件下，渗透系数随应力增加而逐渐降低。Zeta电位和DLVO理论分析表明，Ca²⁺浓度增大会导致膨润土表面负电势减弱，引起膨润土双电层厚度减小，使膨润土中蒙脱石的层间距变小，导致膨润土膨胀特性和渗透特性降低。因此，填埋过程中应优化危险废物固化稳定化工艺，从源头减少渗滤液中Ca²⁺浓度；同时还应研发新型膨润土复合材料，提高膨润土在Ca²⁺等高浓度盐溶液中的防渗性能，防控危险废物填埋场渗漏风险。
- 膨润土 /
- 危险废物渗滤液 /
- 化学相容性 /
- 渗透特性 /
- 应力
Abstract:
Bentonite is widely used for the construction of anti-seepage barriers in hazardous waste landfills due to its excellent anti-seepage performance, but its impermeability is usually affected by leachate and stress. Different concentrations of cationic solutions were set up by leachate sampling and analysis to investigate the influence law of actual leachate components on the anti-seepage performance of bentonite. Ca²⁺ was chosen as the characteristic cation, and the variation rule of the bentonite permeability coefficient under different stress conditions was studied. Meanwhile, the influence law of chemical compatibility of bentonite was elucidated under the action of leachate composition and stress combined with Zeta potential and DLVO theoretical calculation. The results show that the concentration of Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺ in the leachate is in the range of 0-0.20 mmol/L, which has less influence on the expansion and permeability characteristics of bentonite. The concentration of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ is in the range of 0.20-50 mmol/L, and Ca²⁺ has more influence on the expansion capacity and permeability characteristics of bentonite. When the concentration increases from 1 mmol/L to 50 mmol/L, the permeability coefficient rapidly increases from 1.15×10⁻⁷ cm/s to 6.34×10⁻⁶ cm/s. Ca²⁺ concentration and stress usually affect the permeability characteristics of hydrated bentonite by affecting its porosity, and the permeability coefficient gradually decreases with increasing pressure under the same Ca²⁺ concentration conditions. Zeta potential and DLVO theoretical analysis indicate that the increase in Ca²⁺ concentration leads to a decrease in the negative potential on the surface of bentonite and thickness of the double layer of bentonite, which decreases the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite in bentonite, and then depress the swelling and permeability characteristics of bentonite. Therefore, the solidification and stabilization process of hazardous waste during the landfill process should be optimized, to reduce Ca²⁺ content in the leachate at the source. Meanwhile, new bentonite composite materials should be developed to improve the impermeability of bentonite in Ca²⁺ as well as other salt solutions to prevent and control the risk of leakage of hazardous waste landfills.
- bentonite /
- hazardous waste leachate /
- chemical compatibility /
- permeability /
- stress

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图 1 低浓度阳离子（Al³⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺）对膨润土膨胀性能影响

Figure 1. Effect of low concentrations of cations (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺) on the swelling properties of bentonite

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图 2 高浓度阳离子（Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺）对膨润土膨胀性能影响

Figure 2. Effect of high concentrations of cations (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺) on the swelling properties of bentonite

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图 3 不同阳离子浓度下渗透系数变化

Figure 3. Changes in permeability coefficients for different cation concentrations

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图 4 Ca²⁺浓度为1 mmol/L时P₀t/V-V关系曲线

Figure 4. P₀t/V-V relationship curve for Ca²⁺ concentration of 1 mmol/L

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图 5 不同Ca²⁺浓度下应力与φ关系曲线

Figure 5. Experimental pressure versus φ curve for different Ca²⁺ concentrations

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图 6 不同Ca²⁺浓度下应力与平均孔隙比的关系曲线

Figure 6. Pressure versus average pore ratio relationship curve at different Ca²⁺ concentrations

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图 7 不同Ca²⁺浓度下平均孔隙比与渗透系数的关系曲线

Figure 7. Relationship between average pore ratio and permeability coefficient at different Ca²⁺ concentrations

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图 8 不同Ca²⁺浓度下渗透系数的变化

Figure 8. Variation of permeability coefficient at different Ca²⁺concentrations

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图 9 不同浓度阳离子中膨润土胶体间势能作用

注：图（c）离子浓度均为0.05 mmol/L，图（d）离子浓度均为0.20 mmol/L。

Figure 9. Diagram of intercolloidal potential energy action of bentonite in different concentrations of cations

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表 1 膨润土物理化学指标

Table 1. Physical and chemical indexes of bentonite

蒙脱石含量/%	胶质价/ （mL/g）	液限/%	塑限/%	比表面积/ （m²/g）	膨胀容/ （mL/g）
75	6.68	269.4	34	252	19.8

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表 2 不同阳离子溶液作用下膨润土Zeta电位

Table 2. Bentonite zeta potential under the action of different cationic solutions mV　

离子浓度/（mmol/L）	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Ni²⁺	Cu²⁺	Zn²⁺	Fe²⁺	Fe³⁺	Al³⁺
0.05	—	—	—	−33.37	−33.87	−34.60	−32.13	−37.83	−34.77
0.20	—	—	—	−32.90	−24.23	−34.60	−32.53	−32.43	−30.30
5	−36.63	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
10	—	−36.33	−10.95	—	—	—	—	—	—
50	−42.53	−38.20	−8.83	—	—	—	—	—	—
注：—表示未检测。

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