Application of immobilized microbial technology in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil remediation
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摘要:
固定化微生物技术是修复多环芳烃（PAHs）污染土壤有效且环保的方法之一。该技术通过保护微生物免受周围恶劣环境的影响，在PAHs污染场地修复中长时间保持功能微生物活性，克服传统微生物修复效率低、周期长等问题。主要介绍了我国土壤PAHs污染现状及常见的PAHs污染土壤微生物修复技术；从载体材料、降解菌及固定条件3个方面综述固定化微生物技术的研究现状以及影响固定化效果的重要因素；从土壤环境、微生物群落和吸附-降解过程分析PAHs污染土壤固定化微生物修复的作用机制；最后从载体材料、功能微生物、固定方法、评价体系、生态风险和实际应用6个方面，对固定化微生物技术在PAHs污染土壤修复中存在的问题进行总结并提出展望。
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关键词:
- 多环芳烃（PAHs） /
- 固定化 /
- 微生物 /
- 土壤修复
Abstract:Immobilized microbial technology is considered as an effective and environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil. With this technology, microorganisms are protected from the surrounding harsh environment so that functional microorganisms remain active in PAHs-contaminated soil for a long time, overcoming the problems of low efficiency and long cycle of traditional microbial remediation. The current status of soil PAHs pollution in China and common bioremediation technologies were introduced. The current research status of immobilized microbial technology and the important factors affecting bacterial immobilization were summarized from carrier materials, PAHs-degrading bacteria and immobilization conditions. The remediation mechanisms of PAHs-contaminated soil with immobilized microbial technology were analyzed from soil environment, microbial community and adsorption-degradation process. Finally, the problems of immobilized microbial technology in the remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil were summarized and future research prospects were proposed from carrier materials, functional microorganisms, immobilization methods, evaluation systems, ecological risks and practical applications.
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图 2 固定化菌剂强化PAHs污染土壤修复的机理
Figure 2. Mechanism of immobilized microorganisms enhancing remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil
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