多重视角下工业固体废物资源化利用路径优化

黄文博; 杨桂蓉; 韩雪萌; 王军强; 蔡文倩; 李金惠; 曾现来

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240280

多重视角下工业固体废物资源化利用路径优化—以铜冶炼渣为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240280

黄文博^{1, 2,},
杨桂蓉¹,
韩雪萌¹,
王军强¹,
蔡文倩¹,
李金惠²,
曾现来^{2, 3, ,}

1.
生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心
2.
清华大学环境学院
3.
国家黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究中心

基金项目: 黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目（2022-YRUC-01-0301）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1900101）；生态环境部土壤中心青年科技创新基金项目（QKC2024009）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄文博（1991—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事固体废物处理与资源化研究，huangwenbo@tcare-mee.cn

通讯作者:
曾现来(1980—)，男，副研究员，博士生导师，主要从事固体废物与循环经济研究，xlzeng@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: X705
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- 文章访问数: 38
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- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-30
- 录用日期: 2024-08-26
- 修回日期: 2024-08-09

Optimizing the pathways of industrial solid waste recycling under multiple perspectives: a case study of copper smelting slag

1.
Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment
2.
School of Environment, Tsinghua University
3.
National Joint Research Center for Ecological Conservation and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin

摘要

摘要:
为降低工业固体废物处理处置过程对环境和气候变化影响，提高资源利用率，基于环境资源交互属性、生命周期评价和有价资源价值评估3项指标，建立多维度工业固体废物资源化利用路径优化方法。结果表明：通过升级回收和降级回收的资源化途径，工业固体废物的生态毒性和人体健康毒性较填埋途径分别降低96.86%和98.53%，能够减少土壤污染，维护土壤生态安全。预计2035年铜冶炼渣升级回收、降级回收和原级回收的比例分别达到30%、50%和10%时，可以实现最优目标，但升级回收占比的提高会导致碳排放升高和综合效益下降。研究结果表明，短期内降级回收能够大规模消纳工业固体废物，但受到建筑行业和产品质量管理制约。因此，远期规划需合理分配工业固体废物资源化途径占比，以获得最大化环境效益和经济效益。
- 工业固体废物 /
- 资源化 /
- 碳排放 /
- 土壤污染 /
- 路径优化
Abstract:
To mitigate the environmental and climate impacts of industrial solid waste management and disposal processes, and to enhance recycling efficiency, this study developed a multidimensional optimization method for the recycling of industrial waste. The method integrated three indicators: environmental-resource interaction attribute, life cycle assessment, and economic resource value assessment. The findings indicated that compared to landfill methods, recycling pathways through upcycling and downcycling of industrial solid waste significantly reduced ecotoxicity and human health toxicity by 96.86% and 98.53%, respectively. The method can also diminish soil pollution and preserve soil ecological health. It was anticipated that by 2035, the proportions of upcycling, downcycling, and reuse of copper smelting slag would reach 30%, 50%, and 10%, respectively, achieving optimal target values. However, an increased proportion of upcycling would lead to higher carbon emissions and reduced overall benefits. Based on these results, downcycling could process a large volume of industrial solid waste in the short term but was constrained by the construction industry and product quality management. Therefore, long-term planning requires rationally allocating the proportions of industrial solid waste recycling pathways to maximize environmental and economic benefits.
- industrial solid waste /
- recycling /
- carbon emission /
- soil pollution /
- pathway optimization

HTML全文

图 1 铜冶炼尾渣资源化处理工艺流程

Figure 1. Process flow of the copper smelting slag recycling

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图 2 工业固体废物不同处理路径的碳排放影响类别分析

Figure 2. Analysis of carbon emission impact categories for different treatment pathways of industrial solid waste

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图 3 工业固体废物不同处理路径的碳排放情况

Figure 3. Carbon emission for different treatment pathways of industrial solid waste

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图 4 产品生产过程碳排放强度对比

Figure 4. Comparison of carbon emission intensity in product manufacturing processes

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图 5 工业废物的资源回收潜力和经济价值

注：CAS为电石渣，替代CaCO₃；CFA为粉煤灰，替代SiO₂；CG为煤矸石，替代Al₂O₃；CS为铜渣，IT为铁尾矿，替代Fe₂O₃；DG为脱硫石膏，替代天然石膏。

Figure 5. Resource recycling potential and economic value of industrial solid waste

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表 1 铜冶炼渣不同处理途径生命周期影响评价结果

Table 1. Results of life cycle assessment of copper smelting slag treatment in different pathways

影响类别	单位	升级回收		降级回收		填埋
影响类别	单位	特征化值	标准化值	特征化值	标准化值	特征化值	标准化值
金属资源耗竭	kg （以Sb当量计）	1.59	9.33×10⁻¹⁰	0.975	5.70×10⁻¹⁰	0.123	7.17×10⁻¹¹
酸化	kg （以SO₂当量计）	6.25	9.32×10⁻⁹	0.713	1.06×10⁻⁹	0.056 3	8.39×10⁻¹¹
富营养化	kg （以PO₄当量计）	0.217	4.33×10⁻¹⁰	0.169	3.36×10⁻¹⁰	0.011 6	2.31×10⁻¹¹
全球变暖潜势	kg （以CO₂当量计）	1 584.08	6.27×10⁻⁹	241.75	9.57×10⁻¹⁰	7.98	3.16×10⁻¹¹
臭氧层消化	kg （以CFC-11当量计）	2.99×10⁻⁵	3.05×10⁻¹¹	1.02×10⁻⁵	1.04×10⁻¹¹	2.81×10⁻⁶	2.87×10⁻¹²
人体毒性	kg （以1,4-DB当量计）	4 827.3	2.57×10⁻⁸	126.34	6.72×10⁻¹⁰	4 792.91	2.55×10⁻⁸
淡水生态毒性	kg （以1,4-DB当量计）	30.65	4.08×10⁻⁹	47.66	6.34×10⁻⁹	3 192.12	4.25×10⁻⁷
陆地生态毒性	kg （以1,4-DB当量计）	1.56	1.71×10⁻⁹	0.458	4.99×10⁻¹⁰	0.900	9.81×10⁻¹⁰
淡水沉积物生态毒性	kg（以1,4-DB当量计）	69.20	6.78×10⁻⁹	106.30	1.04×10⁻⁸	7851.41	7.69×10⁻⁷
光化学氧化	kg （以C₂H₄当量计）	5.77	3.17×10⁻⁸	0.036 2	1.99×10⁻¹⁰	0.003 40	1.87×10⁻¹¹
资源损耗^1）	MJ	257.32	0.046	142.47	0.025 5	20.95	0.003 75
1）采用Eco-indicator 99(E)方法单独计算。

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表 2 多目标线性优化指标值清单

Table 2. Multi-objective linear programming index list

方案	ERIA （bit⁻¹）	碳排放/ kg（以CO₂当量计）	ERVA （元/t）
升级回收	25.25	1 270.30	495.92
原级回收	32.29	756.97	342.87
降级回收	285.47	243.63	189.82
填埋处置	2.68	7.97	0
注：升级回收、降级回收、填埋过程碳排放和经济价值采用本研究计算结果表征，原级回收方式未设置实际案例，实际工业生产中，铜冶炼渣回收制备化学制品、新材料等途径适用于该方案情景，其碳排放和经济价值采用升级回收和降级回收均值表征。ERIA使用以往研究所得结果表征。

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