环境工程技术学报

2013 Vol.3, No.4

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Treatment of Coking Wastewater by an Anaerobic/Anoxic/Zeolite Biofilter-MBR Process

ZHU Xiao-biao, LIU Cong, WANG Dong-bin, TIAN Jin-ping, CHEN Lü-jun

2013, 3(4): 279-285. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.044

Abstract(2544) PDF(924KB)(893)

Abstract:
A lab-scale anaerobic/anoxic/zeolite biofilter - membrane bioreactor (A₁/A₂/ZB-MBR) was developed and its performance in coking wastewater treatment was investigated. The operation parameters were optimized. The results indicated that the zeolite could regulate the concentration of ammonia effectively. The best performance was obtained at HRT 73 h, reflux ratio 2:1, DO 4-6 mg/L in ZB-MBR. Under the optimal influent conditions of COD_Cr (1 673±227) mg/L, NH₃-N (125.0±27.4) mg/L, TN (280.5±57.6) mg/L, the effluent COD_Cr, NH₃-N and TN were (145±27) mg/L, (5.6±4.1) mg/L, and (91.4±33.8) mg/L, respectively, and the performance remained stable over 280 d operation.

Performance and Feasibility of ANAMMOX Bio-filter Process for Advanced Treatment of Dry-spun Acrylic Fiber Wastewater

XU Hao, TIAN Zhi-yong, SONG Yong-hui, ZHANG Li-cheng

2013, 3(4): 286-292. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.045

Abstract(2543) PDF(1024KB)(984)

Abstract:
Aiming at the high ammonia-nitrogen concentration, low biodegradability and non-compliance issues of dry-spun acrylic fiber wastewater, the effluent of third-sedimentation tank was taken as experimental substrate to research the feasibility and performance of ANAMMOX bio-filter process for advanced treatment of dry-spun acrylic fiber wastewater. The results indicated that the ANAMMOX bio-filter had a good denitrification ability of dry-spun acrylic fiber wastewater after 130 days domestication, the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration decreased from 184.1-205.3 mg/L to 23.4-30.34 mg/L, and the removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen reached 83.5%. The removal efficiency of NO₂^--N reached up to 93.6%, the removal of NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N efficiencies were close to 1:1 (theoretical value 1:1.32), and the total nitrogen removal load reached 2.36-4.80 kg/(m³/d). However, the effluent concentration of total nitrogen was still as high as 165.9-180.7 mg/L, mainly exiting in the form of refractory organics. In addition, the removal of CODCr with ANAMMOX bio-filter process was confirmed, the removal load reached up to 2.39-2.56 kg/(m³/d), the effluent COD_Cr decreased from 487.9-532.1 mg/L to 188.6-212.3 mg/L, which could meet the requirement of Class II standard of National Discharge Standard for Petrochemical Industry (GB 8978-1996) in China.

Study on Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Containing Copper by Using Iron-carbon Composite Particles

XIAO Hong-kang, XIAO Shu-hu, SONG Yong-hui, ZENG Ping, HU Xin-qi, ZHANG Lin-rong

2013, 3(4): 293-297. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.046

Abstract(2533) PDF(669KB)(792)

Abstract:
Fe/C composite materials were used to treat the pharmaceutical wastewater containing copper through a continuous reactor. The characters of Fe/C composite materials and the performance to berberine wastewater containing copper were investigated in details. The results showed that the berberine and Cu²⁺ concentrations in effluent were reduced from 35 and 410 mg/L to lower than 1.0 and 0.5 mg/L respectively under the conditions of hydraulic retention time of 1.0 h and the initial pH of 2.3-3.0. The Fe/C composite material could be regenerated and reused for treatment of wastewater containing copper and the effluent effect could be guaranteed. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the surface structure of the regenerated composite materials and the proportion of Fe-Cu elements were consistent with those of the raw composite material before wastewater treatment. The UV-vis results showed that berberine could be effectively removed by iron-carbon composite materials.

Pilot Study on Purification of Urban River Water by Using Tidal Flow Constructed Wetland

WANG Shai, GAO Hong-jie, SONG Yong-hui, PENG Jian-feng, LI Rui, DING Lin

2013, 3(4): 298-304. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.047

Abstract(2415) PDF(829KB)(1022)

Abstract:
The pilot-scale tidal flow and vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland systems were built up in Xiannü-Lake Park of Shenyang City for urban river, Weigong River, water purification, their water purifying efficiencies were compared, and the performing conditions of the tidal flow wetland were optimized. The results showed that for the inflow river water with COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP concentrations of 60.45-93.73, 2.33-4.79, 4.61-8.97 and 0.54-0.80 mg/L, the purifying efficiencies of tidal flow constructed wetland were 45.96%, 35.76%, 30.16% and 33.80%, which were 10.23%, 19.89%, 12.76%, 22.12% higher than those of subsurface flow constructed wetland, respectively. If the pilot-scale tidal flow constructed wetland system was performed following the conditions of “inflow - reacting for 5 h - outflow - being idle for 3 h”, the effluent water quality could meet the fifth grade of the Surface Water Quality Standards. The highest removal efficiencies of COD_Cr and NH₄⁺-N were in the middle layer of the tidal flow constructed wetland, while the highest removal efficiencies of TN and TP were in the top and bottom layers, respectively.

The Purification Ability of Hydrilla verticillata on Simulated Wastewater under Low Temperature

ZOU Xian, GAO Hong-jie, SONG Yong-hui, PENG Jian-feng, LI Rui, ZHANG Hui

2013, 3(4): 305-310. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.048

Abstract(2367) PDF(705KB)(757)

Abstract:
Submerged plant were paid wide attention to by both at home and abroad for its purification capacity on polluted water body. The purification ability of Hydrilla verticillata on simulated wastewater was studied under the temperature of 4 ℃ and the light intensity of 500-800 lx, and the nitrogen removal effects under different dosages of Hydrilla verticillata in simulated waterwater were investigated. The results showed that Hydrilla verticillata could maintain life activities in the low temperature conditions in the experimental period. Simultaneously, the pH of water was improved to over 8, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen maintained in 3-5 mg/L by the photosynthesis of Hydrilla verticillata. When the dosage of Hydrilla verticillata was 17.5 g/L, the highest removal rate of NH₄⁺-N and TN could be obtained, being 25.29% and 20.97%, respectively. Due to the addition of Hydrilla verticillata, the plant uptake capacity of nitrogen was intensified, and the nitrification, denitrification and ammonia volatilization were also strengthened due to the change of micro environment of the system, thus realizing intensive removal of nitrogen in the water.

Study on Screening of a Strain of Humic Acid Degrading Bacteria and Its Purification Effect on Humic Acid Slightly Polluted Water

SHEN Hai-hua, GUI Ping, DING Guo-ji, WAN Zhe-xi, CHEN Si-zhi, ZHANG Jing, CAO ping, XIA Wei-hong

2013, 3(4): 311-316. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.049

Abstract(2575) PDF(823KB)(774)

Abstract:
Using growth speed as well as COD_Mn, UV₂₅₄ and Color₄₁₀ degradation abilities in humic acid (HA) slightly polluted waster as a standard for screening HA-degrading bacteria. A strain of bacterium was screened out and marked as strain F5 among 20 strains of bacteria isolated from a biological activated carbon (BAC) reactor in a water purification plant. The homology of strain F5 with Acidovorax sp. MN33.2 was 99%. In the ranges of initial HA concentration 5-20 mg/L, pH 3-8, and water temperature 20-35 ℃ at reaction time 24 hours, COD_Mn removal rate by using the strain F5 increased with the increase of initial HA concentration or temperature, or with the decrease of pH. Under the initial HA concentration of 20 mg/L, pH of 7.0, water temperature of 20 ℃ and reaction time of 48 hours, COD_Mn removal rate by using strain F5 reached 49.1%.

Application of Combination Process of Coagulation-sedimentation and Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Mixed Township Sewage

WANG Xiao-jiang, HE Yi

2013, 3(4): 317-322. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.050

Abstract(2479) PDF(778KB)(1264)

Abstract:
Combination process of coagulation-sedimentation and vertical flow constructed wetlands was used for treating mixed township sewage. By analysis of design parameters and respective decontamination mechanisms of coagulation-sedimentation and vertical flow constructed wetlands, the optimal pH was determined, and the effect of the treatment process was analyzed. The results showed that the combination process had exactly high removal rates for pollutants in mixed township sewage, especially for wastewater containing heavy metal ions, and the water quality of final effluent was good.

Simulation about Vertical Distribution of Main Air Pollutants and Sources in the Atmosphere in China’s East Coast in Spring

CHENG Nian-liang, XU Jun, HE You-jiang, YANG Xiao-yang, MENG Fan

2013, 3(4): 323-330. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.051

Abstract(2524) PDF(2554KB)(1181)

Abstract:
CMAQ (4.7.1) model was employed, in combination with gaseous pollutants data of aircraft observation data from China’s east coastal areas as well as from Qingdao city, Jinan city and Xi’an city from March 22th to April 26th 2011, to analyze the vertical distribution of gaseous pollutants. The results showed that the simulated data were in well consistent with the observed data and there existed obvious vertical distribution and temporal variation characteristics. Concentrations of pollutants in the vertical direction decreased with height on the whole and mainly concentrated at below 3 000 m; the distribution of pollutant concentration in horizontal direction coincided well with that of polluting sources, both increased from edges to centers of the cities. The analysis of trajectory clusters and source receptor apportionment found that pollutants in the east coast in spring mainly came from Shandong, Beijing-Jianjin-Hebei, Jiangsu and Liaoning provinces/municipalities; the contribution rate of contaminants from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and background, boundary conditions gradually increased as the altitude increased at different receptor sites.

Analysis of Monthly Variability of China NO2 and Control of Emission reduction Based on Remote Sensing

WEI Peng, WANG Wen-jie, WU Hao, WU Chun-sheng, WANG Zong-shuang, GAO Qing-xian, SU Fu-qing, REN Zhen-hai

2013, 3(4): 331-336. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.052

Abstract(2309) PDF(2773KB)(888)

Abstract:
The NO₂ columns density derived from OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument) observations was used to study the trend and monthly variability of The NO₂ column density derived from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) observations was used to study the trend and monthly variability of China as a whole and Beijing, Lanzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing and Guangzhou cities. The findings indicated that increasing trend of NO₂ column density was obvious in recent eight years especially after the 12th Five-year Plan period. There existed obvious periodic characteristics for each city's NO₂ column density and the monthly variability of temporal mean sea level pressure was one of the main reasons of obvious increasing of regional and urban NO₂ column density. Based on the polluting sources of NO₂ in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Tianjin, the sector difference of the sources in each city was analyzed, and it was pointed out that one effective way to control the NO₂ pollution is to combine the weather pattern and the characteristics of NO₂ emission sources.

Effect of Diesel Fuel Quality on Fuel Economy and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

ZHAO Lei, LI Kai, LI Bo-shi, LI Tie, SANG Jian, BAO Xiao-feng, YUE Xin

2013, 3(4): 337-341. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.053

Abstract(2344) PDF(609KB)(1232)

Abstract:
In order to study the effect of diesel fuel quality on a diesel engine, China Ⅲ diesel, China Ⅳ diesel and Beijing Ⅴ diesel were used, and the load-performance tests were carried out on a JX493ZLQ3 diesel engine. The revolution was set at 2 000 r/min, and the throttle opening was set at 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 80%, 90% and 95%, respectively. The effect of diesel fuel quality on fuel economy and emission characteristics of the diesel engine were compared and analyzed. The results showed that without any changes to the engine, diesel fuel quality could influence the fuel economy. The effect on CO and HC emissions was not obvious. Diesel fuel quality had obvious effect on NO_x and PM emissions, and China Ⅲ diesel caused relatively high emissions.

Investigation on Pollution Situation and Countermeasures in Poyang Lake

WANG Sheng-rui, SHU Jian-min, NI Zhao-kui, FENG Ming-lei, LIU Zhi-gang, PANG Yan, FANG Hong-ya

2013, 3(4): 342-349. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.054

Abstract(2815) PDF(1614KB)(849)

Abstract:
Based on the water quality and human activity data in Poyang Lake in over twenty years, the evolution trend of water quality, the pollution characteristics and the severe situation were analyzed systematically, and the corresponding prevention and control measures proposed according to various pollution factors. The results show that the water quality of Poyang Lake is in the middle nutritional level with the trend of decreasing in recent years. In terms of spatial distribution of water quality, the pollution level in south area is more serious than that in north area, and in terms of the temporal distribution, the high water period is better than that in low water period. The serious water pollution, the huge population pressure and the construction of ecological and economic zones and water control projects yield great potential threats to the water quality in Poyang Lake. The key measures to solve the water pollution problem in Poyang Lake were proposed, such as optimizing the Three Gorges Reservoir and the regulating scheme in "Five Rivers" basin, adjusting the industrial structure and reducing the pollutant discharge, and establishing basin-specific environmental access thresholds and pollutant discharge standards.

Research of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Load in Dongjianghu Lake Watershed

GUO Xiang, DU Yun-hui, LIU Xiao-fu, TIAN Shi-qiang, WANG Wen-jie, LIU Chen-feng, ZENG Xiu-li

2013, 3(4): 350-357. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.055

Abstract(2525) PDF(3544KB)(900)

Abstract:
Soil erosion is the main output way of adsorbent nitrogen and phosphorus pollution as well as an important link of non-point source (NPS) pollution assessment. Taking the Dongjianghu Lake watershed as the main study area, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and experience equation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load were used to estimate the pollution load of adsorbent nitrogen and phosphorus in the watershed. The research focused on extracting and analyzing the farmland NPS pollution load, and then identified the key areas of agricultural NPS pollution, so as to provide a scientific basis for decreasing and controlling the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture sources. The results showed that in Dongjianghu Lake watershed, the total amount of soil erosion of agricultural NPS pollution was 1.447×10⁶ t, and the total amount of adsorbent nitrogen and phosphorus loss was 2 658.3 and 504.1 t, respectively, with higher loss risk of dry land than paddy field. The amount of adsorbent nitrogen and phosphorus loss generated by the application of chemical fertilizer was 1 561.9 and 215.4 t, accounting for 58.8% and 42.7% of the farmland total loss, respectively. The critical prevention and control areas of agricultural NPS pollution mainly include the Oujiang River, Zheshui River and the area around the main estuary of the lake.

Environmental Management Regulations of Chemicals at the US States

HUO Li-bin, YU Li-na, NIE Jing-lei, LIU Chun-xin

2013, 3(4): 358-362. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.056

Abstract(2490) PDF(744KB)(1307)

Abstract:
The current status and development of chemicals environmental management regulations in the US states were introduced, and the management methods and content summarizes. The legislation and experience of California and Massachusetts were focused, and the development and tendency in chemicals environmental management regulations in Maine, Washington and Minnesota described. According to the experience of environment management in the US states, the developments of chemicals environmental management in China were proposed.

Research Progress on Screening of Environment Priority Pollutants

PEI Shu-wei, ZHOU Jun-li, LIU Zheng-tao

2013, 3(4): 363-368. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.04.057

Abstract(2385) PDF(836KB)(1481)

Abstract:
The principles, methods and determining of assessment parameters were emphatically described based on a review of previous priority pollutants screening programs both at home and abroad and, subsequently, several existing problems in the studies were pointed out. The findings revealed the list was not suitable for the present environment pollution status owing to the limitation of monitoring data, incomplete consideration of the factors and the lack of timely update. Therefore, future researches should be done corporately by the government, researchers, enterprises and the public, and it was suggested that ranking of priority pollutants should use the semi-determination scoring method based on the monitoring data.

2013 Vol. 3, No. 4

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