环境工程技术学报

2014 Vol.4, No.5

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Vertical Distribution and Correlation of Nutrients and Grain Sizes in Sediment Cores of Lake Fuxian

WANG Xiao-lei, YANG Hao, GU Zhu-jun, ZHANG Ming-li

2014, 4(5): 353-360. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.057

Abstract(2271) PDF(1339KB)(793)

Abstract:
Based on the results of radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb_ex and ¹³⁷Cs) dating of three sediment cores respectively from northern, central and southern parts of Lake Fuxian, vertical distribution and correlation of nutrients (TOC, TN and TP) and grain sizes in the past 150 years were analyzed. The results showed that the TOC concentration varied from stable and slow states to rising in sediment cores. The vertical distribution of TN concentration showed a slight fluctuation characteristic. The variation trend of TP concentration was relatively complex, with the overall trend of dropping firstly and rising later. These variation characteristics were closely related to different levels of natural evolution and human activities in past periods. The C/N ratio in the sediment cores had the rising trend from north to south, indicating that the origin of organic matter in the sediments from Lake Fuxian gradually transited from bacteria and algae within the lake to the land plants. The vertical distribution of grain sizes in sediment cores was disordered, and the size order was central > northern > southern, which may be related to the density, length and sediment yield of rivers in the lake catchment. The correlation analysis of nutrients and grain sizes demonstrated that the size in range of 32-63 μm was significantly positively correlated with TOC concentration, while the size in range of 4-8 μm was significantly negatively correlated with TOC concentration. No correlation was found between TN concentration and grain sizes, and the size of below 2 μm was significantly positively correlated with TP concentration.

DOM Characteristic Analysis of Corn Deep-processing Wastewater by EGSB+A/O Process

GAO Peng, NIAN Yue-gang, YAN Hai-hong, YIN Qin, XU Lu, GUO Xiao-ya

2014, 4(5): 361-366. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.058

Abstract(2126) PDF(810KB)(1009)

Abstract:
The secondary sedimentation tank effluent of a corn deep-processing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by EGSB+A/O process was classified by ultrafiltration membrane separation. The molecular weight distribution characteristics of effluent dissolved organic matter were investigated by measuring DOC, UV₂₅₄ and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum. The results showed that the dissolved organic matter (DOM) of corn deep-processing WWTP secondary effluent was mainly substances with molecular weight greater than 10 k and less than 0.5 k, the aromatic structure was rich in these two molecular weight components. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the effluent mainly contained tryptophan protein-like and humus substances, the fluorescence intensity of humus of each molecular weight range was greater than that of proteins, and humus was generated in aerobic aeration stage. The total fluorescence intensity of organic matter of each molecular weight range showed a significant linear correlation with DOC and UV₂₅₄.

Treatment of ABS Resin Wastewater with Integrated Cycling Bioreactor

ZHU Yue, SONG Yu-dong, LIU Yi-sheng, LIN Hong-yu, ZHENG Sheng-zhi, ZHOU Yue-xi, CHEN Xue-min

2014, 4(5): 367-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.059

Abstract(1827) PDF(749KB)(842)

Abstract:
An integrated cycling bioreactor with gas lift and microporrus aeration was used for the treatment of ABS resin wastewater. When the hydraulic retention time of the reactor was 24 h and the influent COD_Crwas 800-1 000 mg/L, the effluent COD_Cr was less than 80 mg/L. COD_Crremoval efficiency was higher than 88% and organic nitrogen removal efficiency higher than 99% by the single reactor. When the influent alkalinity was 300-450 mg/L (as CaCO₃), the pH of the mixed liquid in the reactor could remain at 6.7-7.5, and the effluent NH₃-N was less than 5 mg/L. The treatment load of the reactor was significantly higher than that of the traditional process. GC-MS and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analyses indicated that organic nitrile and aromatic organics could be efficiently removed from ABS resin wastewater.

Study on Intensive Pretreatment of Refractory Pharmaceutical Park Tail Water

LI Kui, LIN Qi, SONG Yong-hui, GUO Xin-chao, YANG Peng-xheng

2014, 4(5): 373-377. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.059

Abstract(1831) PDF(720KB)(592)

Abstract:
Considering the poor biodegradability of the refractory pharmaceutical park tail water, activated sludge adsorption, O₃ oxidation and adsorption of activated sludge coupled with O₃ were separately used to pre-treat pharmaceutical tail water, and the test parameters were optimized. The results showed that separate activated sludge adsorption method had a certain ability to remove organic matter, but it could not effectively improve the biodegradability of the wastewater; both the COD_Cr removal efficiency and the biodegradability of wastewater were greatly improved by O₃ oxidation and adsorption of activated sludge coupled with O₃. It was verified that activated sludge coupled with O₃ process was an effective pretreatment technology, the COD_Cr removal efficiency could reach 37.90%, and the biodegradability was greatly improved, with BOD₅/COD_Crincreasing from 0.020 to 0.141, and its processing cost is more economical.

Research on Preparation of Lightweight Haydite by Using Sediment from Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake

ZHANG Dan, YE Chun, ZHANG Da-lei, LI Chun-hua

2014, 4(5): 378-384. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.061

Abstract(2274) PDF(997KB)(877)

Abstract:
The main components, mineral composition and thermal property of the sediment from Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake were analyzed, and the feasibility of producing lightweight haydite by the sediment investigated. The optimal production parameters were determined through single factor test of different time and temperature by using expansion rate and apparent density as assessment indicators. The microstructure and the leaching toxicity of heavy metals were analyzed by SEM and ICP-AES. The results showed that the main components of the sediment met the requirements of lightweight haydite basically. At the sintering temperature of 1 110-1 120℃ for 5-10 min and then cooling to ambient temperature, the lightweight haydite with good strength and apparent density of 0.8-0.9 g/cm³ could be produced without any other additive. During the process, not only was the solidification of heavy metal satisfactory but the leaching toxicity of heavy metal was very low.

Main Kinds and Distribution of Organics in the River Growing Leptomitus lacteus

LEI Shu-feng, WANG Hai-yan, YUAN Quan, WANG Ye-yao, ZHAO Hua, YANG Yao-jun

2014, 4(5): 385-392. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.062

Abstract(1838) PDF(770KB)(716)

Abstract:
Two kinds of pretreatment methods, i.e. liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) were used to extract the organics of the river samples from the Leptomitus lacteus growing places in high-occurred season. GC-MS was then used to analyze the pretreated samples qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. The results showed that 92 kinds of organics, which GC-MS peak area ratio is greater than 0.07%, were detected, and they were organic acids, phthalate esters, hydrocarbon compounds, organic acid esters, heterocyclic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, phenols, alcohols and unknown organics. The content of 26 kinds of organics was high and their GC-MS peak area ratio was higher than 1%. The 26 organics were organic acids, hydrocarbon compounds, phthalate esters, other esters and unknown organics. It was indicated that no toxic organics pollution occurred in the Leptomitus lacteus growing river reach in February.

Influence of Acrylate and p-Toluenesulfonate on Methane-producing Activity with Acetic Acid or Propionic Acid as Substrate

WANG Bai-dang, SONG Yu-dong, CHENG Jia-yun, CHEN Ye, SUN Li-dong, ZHOU Yue-xi, CUI Jun-hua

2014, 4(5): 393-398. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.063

Abstract(2023) PDF(683KB)(675)

Abstract:
Influence of acrylate and p-toluenesulfonate on methane-producing activity with acetic acid or propionic acid as substrate was investigated. It was indicated that inhibition of methane-producing activity by both acrylate and p-toluenesulfonate with propionic acid as substrate is more significant than that with acetic acid as substrate. The semi-effective (EC₅₀) concentrations of acrylate for inhibition of methane-producing activity with acetic acid and propionic acid as substrates were 717 and 235 mg/L, respectively. There was no significant inhibition effect on methane production with acetic acid as substrate by p-toluenesulfonate below 10 000 mg/L, while the semi-effective concentration for inhibition of methane-producing activity with propionic acid as substrate was 9 500 mg/L. When acrylate and p-toluenesulfonate coexisted in the system, no significant synergistic effect was observed on inhibition of methane-producing activity.

Study on Emission Characteristics and Correlation of GHGs CH₄ and CO₂ in MSW Landfill Cover Layer

MA Zhan-yun, LI Hai-ling, YUE Bo, GAO Qing-xian, DONG Lu

2014, 4(5): 399-405. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.064

Abstract(1947) PDF(834KB)(671)

Abstract:
The emission fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were tested at cover layer of one MSW landfill in Beijing for one year. The seasonal and diurnal variation of methane and carbon dioxide emission fluxes at MSW landfill sites was analyzed, and the correlation of methane and carbon dioxide emission fluxes as well as the influencing mechanisms explored. The result shows that there exists big imparity among methane emission fluxes at 10 monitoring sites or at the same point for different time. The seasonal variation of methane emission at different sites may fluctuate with the carbon dioxide emission fluxes, showing a significant correlation, or the methane emission fluxes may have a small fluctuation in spring, summer and autumn, but fluctuate with the carbon dioxide emission fluxes in winter. The diurnal variation of methane emission fluxes shows no regularity. The methane content in atmosphere has a significant influence on the methane oxidation in the landfill cover.

Design and Development of GHG Inventory System Based on WebGIS

LIU Xin, ZHANG Shao-liang, HOU Hu-ping

2014, 4(5): 406-411. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.065

Abstract(1932) PDF(1412KB)(994)

Abstract:
The compilation of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a basic work for reducing GHS emissions. The GHS inventory involves many fields such as energy, agriculture, land use change, forestry, waste management, various industrial processes and electric power transfer. Therefore it is much professional, with complex calculation and many valuation models; the determination of parameters is difficult and needs large amount of data. The support of modern information system technology is thus required. The Web GIS technology was introduced into the GHS inventory compilation. Using the SQL SERVER as the backend database, calling the interface of the Google Maps and adopting key technologies such as AJAX and .net, networking of data transmission and management, automation of computation and assessment, professionalization of statistical analysis and structuration of data storage and management were realized. The test and application show that the system has friendly interface and perfect functions and can be simply operated. It can serve either as an auxiliary tool of GHS control by professional organizations, or as the sharing network platform for the governments to manage reduction of GHG emissions.

Bioaccessibility and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils of Antimony Mine Area

LI Ji-ning, WEI Yuan, ZHAO Long, SHANGGGUAN Yu-xian, CHEN Zhi-peng, LI Fa-sheng, HOU Hong

2014, 4(5): 412-420. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.066

Abstract(2495) PDF(1043KB)(1195)

Abstract:
The total contents and pollution status of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) were investigated in 29 soil samples collected from antimony mine area in Xikuangshan, Lengshuijiang City, Hunan Province. The simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) was used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soils. In addition, the human health risk assessment of the oral ingestion soil for adults was carried out based on the human health risk model. The results showed that As and Sb are the main pollution elements in the soils, and they have high homology and are easily affected by human activities. Bioaccessibility of soil heavy metals covered a wide range, the rate of bioaccessibility of heavy metals decreased in the order of Mn(36.7%) > Cd(30.7%) > Pb(24.4%)>Zn(23.1%) > Cu(12.0%) > As(5.89%) > Fe(3.88%) > Sb(2.13%), indicating that most of the heavy metals through oral ingestion could not be adsorbed by human body. The results based on total metal contents might overestimate the actual human health risks. After adjustment by bioaccessibility, the health risk values were greatly reduced, the average hazard index (HI) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values were reduced by 97% and 92%, respectively. Sb and As are two predominant contributors to human health risks. In addition, the hazard index values of some samples in tailing dam area were still higher than the risk threshold value after adjustment by bioaccessibility and deserved special attention.

Division and Management Framework of Urban Ecological Protection Red Line: A Case Study in Nansha New District of Guangzhou City

YU Long-sheng, LI Zhi-qin, LIANG Zhi-bin, HE Lei

2014, 4(5): 421-428. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.067

Abstract(2101) PDF(1233KB)(1191)

Abstract:
Taking Nansha New District of Guangzhou City as the study area, the framework of urban ecological protection red line division and management was established. Based on investigation and analysis of the ecological resource characteristics in the study area, the importance value and spatial distribution of the ecological service functions were evaluated. Based on the results of ecological service function evaluation, and combined with current situations of the land use, ecological protection and urban construction, the framework of ecological protection red lines was constructed. The study area was then divided into four levels, i.e. the red line area, the yellow line area, the blue line area and the green line area. According to ecological service function levels, their respective area scopes were divided, and the leading ecosystem services were recognized for each area. Furthermore, the ecological protection and environmental management requirements were proposed for all kinds of areas.

Development Progress and Regional Characteristics of Eco-industrial Parks in China

ZHONG Qin-dao, YAO Yang, QIAO Qi, BAI Wei-nan, FANG Lin

2014, 4(5): 429-435. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.068

Abstract(2396) PDF(1970KB)(1320)

Abstract:
Eco-industrial parks provide a profound approach to promote upgrading of industrial structures and full transformation of the development concept of industrial parks. It is also one important support of ecological civilization construction. The development progress of eco-industrial parks was reviewed, which is divided into three phases, i.e. the systematic exploratory stage, the pilot stage, and the new stage of eco-civilization construction. The types of eco-industrial parks, their regional distributions and the distribution of different types of eco-industrial parks were analyzed, displaying obvious difference among different regions or different types. Also, the characteristics and experience of eco-industrial parks construction in eastern, central and western China were reviewed. Several policy recommendations were put forward aiming at the problem of imbalance of development of the eco-industrial parks among different regions and types.

Effects of Temperature and Phosphorus Concentration on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of Azolla imbricata

YI Hou-yan, WU Ai-ping, PANG Yan, CHU Zhao-sheng

2014, 4(5): 436-441. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.069

Abstract(2130) PDF(802KB)(566)

Abstract:
The growth status of Azolla imbricata under different temperature and phosphorus concentrations was simulated and studied, so as to understand the growth rule of A. imbricata biomass and the optimal temperature and optimal phosphorus concentration for phosphorus absorption in the water. The results showed that A. imbricata can grow well under 10 - 30 ℃, with optimal temperature of 20 - 25 ℃. The tissue phosphorus and nitrogen contents of A. imbricata and their relative growth rates increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration in water, with the tissue phosphorus content reaching highest under the water temperature of 25 ℃. This indicates that A. imbricata is a good aquatic plant to remove phosphorus in the water, but the absorption can be affected by interaction of water temperature and phosphorus concentration in the water. The phosphorus absorption increases with the increase of water temperature and phosphorus concentration in the water, although the absorption rate has the trend of decreasing. The optimal phosphorus absorption by A. imbricata can be achieved under the water temperature of 25 ℃ and phosphorus concentration of 0.075 mg/L.

Development and Industrialization of Japanese Membrane Technology and Reference to China

LUO Ming, WANG Qi, SHEN Zhi-peng, ZHENG Xiang

2014, 4(5): 442-450. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.05.070

Abstract(2136) PDF(1103KB)(1211)

Abstract:
Through systematically introducing the development history and current situation of membrane technology in Japan, it proves that the membrane technology has been widely used in Japan in water treatment, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and desalination industries after decades of continuous investment, and the membrane technology has an important role in the market of global membrane. Limited by local market scale, the application of ultrafiltration/microfiltration membrane in Japan is only 1.3×10⁶ m³/d for water purification, but in the world it is 1.0×10⁷ m³/d. The application of reverse osmosis membrane in Japan is 1.44×10⁶ m³/d, but in the world it is 3.0×10⁷ m³/d. It is proposed that Chinese membrane companies could refer to Japanese experience in the development of membrane industry, and develop international market through increasing R&D investment, strengthening innovation ability, and providing more cost-effective products and excellent technical service.

2014 Vol. 4, No. 5

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