Abstract: With the rapid development of socio-economy and the continuous improvement of the residents' living standards, the discharge of emerging toxic and harmful pollutants has resulted in the increased risk of water environmental pollution in the basin scale, which has seriously affects the safety of the water environment in China. Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), as fungicides in detergents, were used as the research objects, and their sources and toxicity were sorted out. The intensive populated Dongjiang River Basin was chosen as a typical case study to analyze the detection rate and the distribution characteristics of TCS and TCC in the river water and sediment. The study showed that TCS and TCC had the highest concentration of 168 and 269 ng/L in the river waters, while the highest concentration of TCS and TCC in the suspended solids was 297 and 431 ng/L, respectively. Furthermore, high content of TCS and TCC was also observed in the sediments, with highest concentration of 656 and 2 723 μg/kg, respectively, indicating that TCS and TCC had become main high-risk chemicals in the Dongjiang River Basin. Currently, the main tasks of the water environmental risk management in China should be to pay great attention to the environmental risk pollutants in the river basin scale, promote ecological washing, and minimize the impact of emerging toxic and harmful pollutants on human and water environment.