Abstract: The effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial pH on adsorption efficiency and its adsorption mechanism of clay and coal fly ash were investigated in batch experiments. Considering the removal effect, operation cost and maneuverability, the contact time of 180 min, adsorbent dosage of 50 g/L, initial leachate pH of natural value(7.5-8.0)were chosen as the actual operation condition. The results showed that under this condition, the removal rates of clay and coal fly ash for normal pollutants of rural domestic waste leachate (COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TN, TP) were 25.58% and 33.01%, 14.87% and 18.18%, 41.63% and 22.07%, 62.25% and 60.46%, respectively. The removal rates of clay and coal fly ash for heavy metals (Cr, As, Cd, Ni, Pb) were 13.04% and 10.53%, 43.34% and 31.52%, 60.24% and 84.30%, 47.52% and 65.73%, 61.77% and 68.65%, respectively. The isothermal dates of clay and coal fly ash for various pollutants in landfill leachate could be well described by the Freundlich adsorption model, and the chemisorption was the dominant mechanism.