Abstract: Beijing has been undergoing rapid urbanization since 1980s. A tremendous change in vegetation coverage can be observed in main city area (the 6th-Ring Road). Based on the Landsat remote sensing database collected during the periods of August or September in 1984, 1995, 2004 and 2014 respectively, a comprehensive study on radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and splicing combined with cutting in the 6th-Ring Road of Beijing was carried out. By using NDVI and other methods, the change of vegetation coverage over the three decades of each ring was obtained. The results indicated that the percentage of internal vegetation coverage decreased from 76.80% (1 742.44 km ²) to 48.73% (1 105.61 km ²) in three decades from 1984. The vegetation coverage in the 2nd-Ring road and to the 3rd-Ring road increased by 8.43 and 4.33 percentage point respectively in 2014 and 1984, however the vegetation coverage outside of the 3rd-Ring decreased growing, which was 12.23, 27.62, 32.97 percentage point respectively. Research conclusion include that it is necessary to propose differentiation ideas on urban ecosystem construction, e.g., vegetation coverage between different zones through spatial planning means. The inner 3rd-Ring Road demands urban fine governance aiming to encourage the development of green space rather than building areas. As the urban construction between the third to the 5th-Ring Road tends to stabilize, more opportunities appear for the expansion of the medium-sized urban ecological space. Moreover, the afforestation of million acres and the increase of urban farmland could be accomplished for 5th-Ring and 6th-Ring Road. Through these planning approaches, it is expected to build a variety of urban green spaces system, and furthermore, comprehensively enhance the urban ecosystem services of Beijing’s main urban area.