Abstract: Lake Erhai, as a representative of lakes with good water quality in China, is one of the key protection lakes of the “new three lakes”. Ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) is an important content of ecological civilization construction in the basin, and also an inevitable requirement to solve the current problems in protection and management of Lake Erhai. The ecological environmental characteristics of MRFFLG elements of Lake Erhai were expounded systematically, and the main problems diagnosed. Following a general idea of “mountains restoration and afforestation, farmlands and rivers pollution control, ecological restoration and livable environment, and environment capacity increasing and water retention”, with Lake Erhai water quality improvement as the core target, and insisting on comprehensive measures and systematic management of MRFFLG, the overall goal and performance indexes of protection and restoration were defined. A series of tasks and measures, including ecology spatial pattern optimization, mine treatment and forest ecosystem repair, green and ecological agriculture development, inlake small watershed systematic governance, aquatic ecosystem regulation and restoration, and environment supervision management enhancement, were put forward. The integrated protection and restoration programme of Lake Erhai Basin was thus formed, so as to provide a general outline and guidance for the protection and management of MRFFLG in Lake Erhai Basin and also provided a scientific basis for the protection and management and sustainable development of Lake Erhai Basin.