Abstract: The landfill in Shanghai has a large volume and the environmental risk of the garbage components is high, and it is essential to deeply study the variation characteristics and related control methods of the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). GC-MS was used to determine the concentrations of VOCs released from landfills in different seasons, compare the effects of deodorant spraying on VOCs, and assess their environmental and health risks. The primary control pollutants of VOCs, the key pollutants of ozone generation, and the characterization of occupational exposure risks at different seasons were thus determined, so as to provide technical support for subsequent targeted control and removal of volatile organic compounds. It was found that the total concentration of VOCs was the highest in summer, mainly with alkanes, aldehydes and ketones, of which isopentane and acetone were the dominant compounds. The deodorant had a certain removal effect on the odor concentration, NH₃ and H₂S, but increased the varieties and concentration of VOCs, enhanced the ozone generation potential, and could raise the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk in the landfill, both of which were within acceptable risk levels.