Abstract: It is an important task for China to carry out the environmental carrying capacity evaluation (ECCE) and establish the monitoring and early warning mechanism of resources and environment carrying capacity in ecological civilization construction and ecological and environmental management. The current evaluation methods of ECCE at home and abroad were summarized, including index system evaluation method, system model method, environmental capacity method and supply and demand balance method, and the connotation, representation forms, advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared. The shortcomings of the evaluation method of environmental carrying capacity in the operational application were analyzed, such as the insufficient comprehensiveness of the evaluation method, the weak prediction effect of the evaluation result, the insufficient consideration of the regional openness and scale effect, and the insufficient application. Focusing on the operational application of ECCE method, it was suggested that further research should be carried out in four aspects, including comprehensive evaluation of regional ecological environment system, construction of differentiated index system, standardization of evaluation methods, and realization of simulation and prediction function of evaluation results.