Abstract: In order to explore the pollution status and evaluate the pollution risk of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) influenced by copper deposits, the concentration of heavy metals of three farmland soil plots (block 1 ^#,2 ^# and 3 ^#) downstream of a copper mineslag dump in Jiangxi Province were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of the five heavy metals in the three plots were higher than the background values in Jiangxi Province (normal soil), and the average contents of Cu, Cd in block 1 ^# and Cu, Sb, As in block 3 ^# exceeded the paddy field standard limit (with pH<6.5) of Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standards for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (Trial) (GB 15618-2018). The analysis of Nemero Composite Index showed that the P of blocks 1 ^#, 2 ^# and 3 ^# was 11.30, 1.25 and 2.95 respectively, which were at the level of heavy, light and medium pollution, respectively. The Muller's Accumulated Index analysis showed that block 1 ^# and 3 ^# were differently polluted by Cu, Cd, Sb, Pb, As, and block 2 ^# was polluted by Cu, Pb, Sb, As at different levels. The health risk analysis showed that there was no non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children in the three farmlands, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) for children exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (1.0×10 ^-4) stipulated by US EPA. The CR of blocks 1 ^# and 3 ^# for adults also exceeded the maximum acceptable limit, with unacceptable carcinogenic risk. The CR of the three carcinogenic heavy metals was in the order of As>Cd>Pb, and the contribution of three exposure routes to carcinogenic risk was oral>skin>breathing.