Abstract: The treatment of domestic garbage in agricultural and pastoral areas is an important part of the practice of rural ecological civilization construction, and also one of the conditions of constructing ecological barrier in north of China. Taking the typical pastoral area, the western region of Keshketeng Banner of Inner Mongolia autonomous region as the research area, the characteristics and components of domestic garbage in the pastoral area were investigated, and the garbage classification model of “Mengjia Environmental Protection” of rural pastoral area was taken as the research case to analyze the garbage collection volume and component changes. The cost of garbage collection was calculated and the effect of garbage treatment mode was evaluated. The results showed that domestic garbage in pastoral areas could be divided into resource recyclable, kitchen waste and general garbage, and the actual emission of kitchen waste was very small. The average proportion of recyclables in household waste was 95.48%, the output of household waste was 0.49 kg/(household·d), the cost of household waste treatment was 1 848.76 yuan/ton, and the average household treatment cost was 337.39 yuan/a. “Mengjia Environmental Protection” garbage classification mode in rural pastoral areas made village household garbage to be effectively treated with obvious environmental and social benefits. The treatment practice of domestic waste in pastoral area had reference significance and demonstration effect for promoting the treatment of domestic waste and the construction of rural ecological civilization.