Abstract: Taking Dongcheng District, Chaoyang District, Shunyi District and Pinggu District as representative of capital functional core area, urban functional expansion area, new urban development area and ecological conservation area, the characteristics of road dust emission in Beijing’s four major functional areas were analyzed. The AP-42 method and mobile detection system was used to collect road dust from different types of roads in different areas and establish the inventory of road dust emission in each district, and the spatial distribution map of road dust emission in each district was made by using the data of Beijing road network in ArcGIS. The results showed that the average dust load of all types of roads in the core area and expansion area was branch road>sub-main road>main road>expressway. The average dust load of all types of roads in new urban development area and ecological conservation area was village road>township road>county road>provincial road>national road. The total amount of road dust emission in core area and expansion area was smaller, and the amount of road dust emission per unit area was larger; while the total amount of road dust emission in new development area and ecological conservation area was larger, and the amount of road dust emission per unit area was smaller.