Abstract: Black carbons (BCs) are carbon continua formed by incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass. They are widely distributed in soils and sediments and play important roles in migration and transformation of biogenic elements or pollutants. After entering the environment, the physical and chemical properties of fresh BCs will be changed by biotic or abiotic action, which is called aging. Investigating the change rule and mechanisms of aging processes of BCs are very important for predicting their environmental behaviors and ecological effects. Aging-related environmental factors such as oxygen, moisture, temperature, and pH were discussed. The domestic and foreign research methods of BCs aging were summarized, and the effects of various aging simulation methods on the physical and chemical properties of BCs were analyzed. Then, the mechanisms of BCs aging and the differences between artificial and natural aging were further discussed. The main problems in current aging research were summarized, including the lack of natural aging data, the lack of quantitative and systematic research, and the aging research methods needing to be innovated, etc.