Abstract: The internal relations of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands (natural grasslands), lakes and grasslands, as well as the major eco-environmental problems in the catchment area of Shule River and Hala Lake in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province were analyzed. Focusing on the key areas such as the source area of Buha River, Shule River, Datong River, the source exit section of Shule River and the east bank of Hala Lake, a series of priority projects were put forward, such as ecological restoration of historical legacy abandoned mines, wetland conservation, integrated management of black soil beach degraded grassland, harnessing of desertification land, improvement of degraded grassland, grassland ecosystem fragmentation governance, prairie rodent pests prevention, comprehensive environmental harness of population aggregation areas and ecological restoration and treatment for rivers. Three key tasks were proposed, including construction of ecological security pattern, improvement of water conservation function, and restoration of broken habitat, and the ecological conservation and restoration of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) system in the source area of alpine inland was explored, which could fulfill the purpose of transformation of the MRFFLG life community, promotion of regional ecosystem services and ecological barriers function to effectively guarantee the ecological security of the northwest inland areas and the country.