Abstract: For the areas with better environmental quality background values, the atmospheric environmental carrying capacity calculated based on the national environmental quality standard was relatively large, and the allowable emission of planned pollution was excessively high. In order to solve the above problems, a linear programming model for atmospheric environmental carrying capacity was proposed. Regional atmospheric environmental carrying capacity was estimated with the predicted concentrations of planned pollution sources as the control targets, combined with pollution sources layout optimization. Then, an industrial park in Pingdingshan City was taken as an example for verification. The results showed that, under the control target of national secondary standards, primary standards and 50% of the primary standards, the atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of SO₂ was about 7 to 275 times emissions of the planned pollution sources, while that of NO₂ was about 38 to 129 times. Taking the predicted values of the planned pollution sources as the environmental quality control targets, through the optimization of pollution sources layout, the allowable emissions of SO₂ and NO₂ were 1.23 and 1.42 times, respectively, of the planned sources emissions, which was closer to the actual planning requirements.