Abstract: To evaluate the environmental risk of coal mine water to drinking water sources, the analytic hierarchy process was used to construct an evaluation index system composed of four aspects and 12 indexes. The four aspects included risk source, risk receptor, migration channels and emergency management. An environmental risk assessment method was established so as to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the environmental risks of three coal mines to the drinking water sources in a county area of Sichuan Province. The qualitative analysis results showed that the three coal mines were identified as risk sources, the water quality indexes of Fe, Zn, Mn exceeded the standard by a high multiple, which may cause environmental risks. In recent years, the water quality up-to-standard rate of the drinking water sources as risk recipients was 100%, and the environmental capacity was large. The migration channels from the risk sources to the risk receptors had a long distance, and the stream, soil and vegetation along the way had certain dilution, degradation and absorption capacity. The quantitative evaluation results showed that the environmental risk index of the three coal mines was 0.504 2, 0.494 4 and 0.288 9, respectively, and the corresponding environmental risk classification was average, average and low, respectively.