Abstract: With the approaching of the era of big data, the smart environmental protection system has become an important theoretical support of promoting the modernization of environmental governance capabilities and governance systems. Establishing a sound smart environmental protection system is an inevitable requirement and important measure to further improve the efficiency of environmental governance in China. Applying the rapidly developing Internet of Things technology to environmental governance, establishing an intelligent environmental data acquisition and processing analysis system, making reasonable decisions and improving the efficiency of environmental management, are the key measures to establish and improve smart environmental system. The combination of smart environmental system and urban environment governance could effectively monitor urban pollution sources, ecological management and other environmental problems in many fields on time, and could help make prompt emergency response and decision-making to the environmental problems that may arise. The overall structure of the smart environmental protection system and the standard system that supported the entire system were systematically introduced. At the same time, the difficulties encountered in the construction of the smart environmental protection system was put forward, and the application smart environmental protection system in different fields of environmental governance and protection was analyzed, in order to provided suggestions and references for the future application of smart environmental protection system in more aspects of environmental governance and management.