Abstract: The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is an important measure to realize the strategy of innovation-driven development, and it is of great significance for the high-quality development of China's economy. Taking the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (Water Major Project)in the Huaihe River as an example, the operation mechanism of the transformation and industrialization of its scientific and technological achievements was analyzed systematically on the basis of field investigation. Analytic hierarchy process was used to measure the transformation performance of the scientific and technological achievements, meanwhile, the influencing factors of achievement transformation performance were analyzed by constructing multiple ordered Logistic regression model. The results indicated that the new research and development organization model had the best performance in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, followed by the universities incubation model and the cooperative transformation model of environmental protection enterprises. The results also suggested that the continuity of participation in Water Major Project, advanced technology, research and development capital ratio, the role of technology alliance, the fund and hardware support provided by the government, and performance appraisal incentive were important factors affecting the performance level of Water Major Project in the Huaihe River. In the future, the joint efforts of the government, the market and the scientific research innovation bodies were needed to accelerate the construction of an eco-environmental scientific and technological achievement transformation system with innovation platforms as the important carrier, and to systematically promote the real transformation and implementation of scientific and technological achievements in the field of eco-environment.