Abstract: The collection of rural domestic sewage should combine the local terrain conditions and village distribution, and adopt different modes to collect sewage according to local conditions. The outdoor vacuum sewerage system, as a new type of drainage technology system, can solve the problem of sewage collection in the blind zones of gravity sewerage pipeline construction. It has been widely used in the field of drainage engineering and commercialized abroad; however, it is currently in the stage of engineering popularization and application in China. The applications of outdoor vacuum drainage system in rural sewage collection engineering in China in recent years were summarized. The composition, characteristics and existing design standard systems of outdoor vacuum sewerage system were introduced briefly. Compared with traditional gravity drainage system, the outdoor vacuum sewerage system had its unique advantages such as free of terrain restriction, wide application, water-saving, odor isolation, anti-blocking, convenient pipe network construction, and less impact on the surrounding environment. Outdoor vacuum sewerage system can be used as an important supplement to the traditional gravity drainage system with great application prospects in rural toilet reconstruction and sewage treatment engineering in China.