Abstract: The land use remote sensing image data of Southwest China in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were selected to study the land-use change by using the land use dynamic degree, and the ecosystem service value (ESV) was evaluated according to the equivalent factor method. The results showed that: Forest land, cultivated land and grassland were the main land uses in Southwest China, accounting for 48%, 28% and 20% of the total area, respectively. The changes of artificial surface, grassland, woodland and cultivated land were significant in the past 20 years, with the net area changes of 11 971.18, −8 738.63, −5 344.95 and −2 244.40 km², respectively. The land use dynamic degree in Southwest China showed an upward trend, especially the land use change accelerated after 2010, and the dynamic degree of artificial surface had the largest positive change. From 2000 to 2020, the total ESV showed a downward trend, decreasing by 19.555 billion yuan, of which Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces declined significantly. The change trend of various ESVs was similar to that of land use types, and the decrease of forest land, grassland and cultivated land was the main factor leading to ESV loss. In the future development, the protection of woodland, grassland, basic farmland and the construction of high-standard farmland should be strengthened, the land for urban and rural construction should be rationally planned, and the pressure of economic growth on land resources and ecosystem should be relieved.