Abstract: The ecological protection and restoration projects of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (briefly referred to as “mountain-river projects”) is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization and the basis and guarantee for the transformation from “green waters and lush mountains” to “golden mountains and silver mountains” (“two mountains”). As the largest city in area in Zhejiang Province, Lishui is located in the intersection zone of Yangtze River Economic Belt, “One Road and One Belt” and “Haixi District”. Lishui is the ecological barrier in East China, and the core area of Zhejiang grand garden. Taking Lishui City as an example, the ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland was conducted. On the basis of understanding the eco-environment of Lishui City, the ecological protection and restoration idea of protection first, restoration as a supplement was determined. The ecological protection and restoration function of Lishui was divided into “three zones and one belt”. Five major ecological construction projects and 20 secondary projects were mainly deployed, including watershed water environment protection and remediation, mine environment remediation, soil erosion protection and remediation, forest and biodiversity protection, and land remediation and soil improvement. The relationship between the practice of “mountain-river projects” and the transformation of “two mountains” was discussed. The research results could provide support for the future planning of “mountain-river projects” and the exploration of “two mountains” transformation.