降低烟草吸收土壤镉的钝化技术及其机理研究进展

李晓锋; 丁豪杰; 苏奇倩; 赵宇; 徐其静; 刘雪

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210227

降低烟草吸收土壤镉的钝化技术及其机理研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210227

李晓锋^{1, 2,},
丁豪杰^{1, 2},
苏奇倩^{1, 2},
赵宇^{1, 2},
徐其静^{1, 2},
刘雪^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西南林业大学环境修复与健康研究院
2.
西南林业大学生态与环境学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1800504）；国家自然科学基金项目（41867066；41907129）；云南省自然科学基金项目（2019FB032）；云南省高端外国专家项目（YNQR-GDWG-2018-017）

详细信息

作者简介:
李晓锋（1996—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为土壤污染与修复，lixiaofeng_674@163.com

通讯作者:
刘雪（1987—），女，副研究员，主要研究方向为环境污染与食品安全，liuxue20088002@126.com

中图分类号: X53
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- 文章访问数: 303
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-11
- 录用日期: 2021-10-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Research progress on passivation technologies and their mechanism of reducing soil cadmium uptake by tobacco

LI Xiaofeng^{1, 2
,},
DING Haojie^{1, 2},
SU Qiqian^{1, 2},
ZHAO Yu^{1, 2},
XU Qijing^{1, 2},
LIU Xue^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute of Environment Remediation and Health, Southwest Forestry University
2.
Institute of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
烟草是重要经济作物，且极易吸收镉（Cd），烟草中Cd已成为Cd进入人体的主要来源之一，通过调控措施降低烟草叶片Cd浓度，对保障烟草的品质安全与人体健康具有重要意义。综述了降低烟草Cd浓度的土壤Cd钝化技术，阐明了钝化剂的钝化机理（吸附、离子交换、沉淀、络合和离子拮抗作用等）及影响烟草Cd浓度的因素（包括土壤Cd浓度与化学形态、土壤pH、氧化还原电位、有机质浓度、阳离子交换容量、竞争性金属离子浓度等），阐述了常用钝化剂（石灰、羟基磷灰石、金属氧化物、生物炭、有机肥、海泡石、沸石和膨润土等）的钝化效率及其在实际应用的参数条件，并提出明晰烟草Cd含量标准体系、发展新型钝化材料、结合分子生物学技术调控等建议，以期为降低烟草Cd含量提供基础数据和技术参考。
- 烟草 /
- Cd /
- 钝化剂 /
- 影响因素 /
- 机理 /
- 土壤
Abstract:
Tobacco is an important economic crop which is readily to uptake cadmium (Cd) from soils, rendering it to be one of the main source of Cd to human bodies. Therefore, reducing Cd content in tobacco leaves through regulation and control measures is important to ensure tobacco quality, safety and human health. The soil Cd passivation technologies to reduce Cd content in tobacco were summarized, and the passivation mechanism of passivators, including adsorption, ion exchange, precipitation, complexation and ion antagonism, was expounded. The factors affecting Cd content in tobacco were also analyzed, including soil Cd concentration and chemical forms, soil pH, redox potential, organic matter concentration, cation exchange capacity, and competitive metal ions. The passivation efficiencies of normal passivators and the parameter conditions in the applications were illustrated, including lime, hydroxyapatite, metal oxides, biochar, organic fertilizer, sepiolite, zeolite and bentonite. Some suggestions were proposed to provide basic data and technical reference for the reduction of Cd content in tobacco, including clarifying the standard system of tobacco Cd content, developing new passivation materials and using molecular biology technologies, etc.
- tobacco /
- cadmium /
- passivator /
- influence factor /
- mechanism /
- soil

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图 1 钝化剂降低土壤Cd²⁺移动性和生物有效性的机制示意

Figure 1. Diagram of mechanism of passivators in reducing the mobility and bioavailability of Cd²⁺ in soil

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表 1 Cd无机钝化剂种类、施用量及其钝化Cd和降低烟草吸收Cd的效果

Table 1. Types and application amount of inorganic Cd passivators and their effects on Cd passivation and the reduction of Cd absorption in tobacco

钝化剂	土壤Cd浓度/（mg/kg）	施用量	土壤钝化前后pH	土壤有效态Cd浓度降低率/%	烟草叶片Cd浓度降低率/%	数据来源
石灰	5.88	16 g/kg	6.02 → 7.82	37.0	87.0	文献[29]
	0.90	2 250 kg/hm²	5.06 → 5.63	17		文献[28]
	0.07	3 000 kg/hm²	4.52 → 5.98	20.8	23.6	文献[21]
	1.65	1 125 kg/hm²	5.98 → 7.48		34.4	文献[40]
生石灰	2.00	2 250 kg/hm²	5.40¹⁾		60.2	文献[41]
硅酸钠	5.88	12.5 g/kg	6.02 → 5.97	14.1	74.7	文献[42]
羟基磷灰石	5.88	32 g/kg	6.02 → 6.57	52.4	82.2	文献[42]
	0.20	5 g/kg	8.10 → 8.55	5		文献[33]
	70.5	50 g/kg	7.30 → 7.51	90.2		文献[34]
磷肥（含磷52%）	82.0	1 000 mg/kg	7.50 → 7.91	17.2		文献[31]
磷酸盐	3.96	5 g/kg	8.20¹⁾	54.5		文献[35]
	1 000	3.2 g/kg	5.78 → 6.49	47.5		文献[36]
	1 000	3.2 g/kg	5.75 → 5.70	37.8		文献[36]
赤泥	0.575	7 500 kg/hm²	5.10 → 6.23	35.4	37.7	文献[21]
针铁矿	80¹⁾	1.25 g/L	8.00¹⁾	98.2		文献[43]
硫酸锰	0.36	0.8 g/kg	5.91¹⁾	7.4（可交换态）		文献[39]
合成磁铁矿	45.9²⁾	25.0 g/L	4.00¹⁾	吸附量0.89²⁾		文献[44]
氧化铁污泥	20²⁾	1.00 g/L	4.00¹⁾	吸附量14.7³⁾		文献[45]
注：1)为土壤钝化前pH；2)单位为mg/L；3)单位为mg/g。

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表 2 Cd有机钝化剂种类、施用量及其固Cd和降低烟草吸收Cd的效果

Table 2. Types and application amount of organic Cd passivators and their effects on Cd fixation and the reduction of Cd absorption in tobacco

钝化剂种类	土壤Cd浓度/ （mg/kg）	施用量	土壤钝化前后pH	土壤有效态Cd浓度降低率/%	烟草叶片Cd 浓度降低率/%	数据来源
水稻秸秆生物炭	1.27	50 g/kg	5.59 → 6.19	37.7		文献[48]
小麦秸秆生物炭	0.038	20 g/kg	7.6^1）	12.9（弱酸提取态）、 24.4（还原态）	44.4	文献[49]
小麦秸秆生物炭+ZnSO₄	0.038	20 g/kg+0.5% ZnSO₄溶液	7.6^1）	19.5	63.8	文献[49]
秸秆猪粪生物炭	200²⁾	10 g/L	5^1）	吸附量63.3^3）		文献[50]
海泡石+生物炭	20	10 g/kg+10 g/kg	7.05^1）	50	69.6	文献[57]
生物炭	1	20 g/kg	7.45^1）	56.3	52.6	文献[58]
生物炭	2	0.2 g/kg	5.93 → 6.37		67	文献[59]
牛粪有机肥	0.15	10 g/kg	6.89^1）	19.8（DTPA-Cd）	32.5	文献[60]
猪粪有机肥	10	0.3 g/kg	8.1^1）	23.1（可交换态）		文献[53]
羊粪有机肥	10	0.6 g/kg	8.1^1）	20.6（可交换态）		文献[53]
鸡粪有机肥	10	0.6 g/kg	8.1^1）	17.7（可交换态）		文献[53]
药渣有机肥	0.23	60 g/kg	4.98 → 5.35	12.5（可交换态）、 2.76（碳酸盐结合态）		文献[54]
生物有机肥（氨基酸≥10%，有机质≥30%，腐殖酸≥10%）	1.65	1500 kg/hm²	5.98 → 6.66		43.6	文献[40]
0.5 mmol/L柠檬酸+黏土矿物或纳米颗粒	5	10 mmol/L	6.5^1）	5.95		文献[55]
0.5 mmol/L草酸+黏土矿物或纳米颗粒	5	10 mmol/L	6.5^1）	13.1		文献[55]
0.5 mmol/L组氨酸+黏土矿物或纳米颗粒	5	10 mmol/L	6.5^1）	21.0		文献[55]
注：1)为土壤钝化前pH；2)单位为mg/L；3)单位为mg/g。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 黏土矿物钝化剂种类、施用量及其固Cd和降低烟草吸收Cd的效果

Table 3. Types and application amount of clay mineral passivators and their effects on Cd fixation and the reduction of Cd absorption in tobacco

钝化剂	土壤Cd浓度/（mg/kg）	施用量/(g/kg)	土壤钝化前后pH	土壤有效态Cd浓度降低率/%	烟草叶片Cd浓度降低率/%	数据来源
海泡石	1.86	25	6.23 → 6.88	37.6		文献[63]
	10	15	7.91 → 8.05	64		文献[64]
	2	500	5.51 → 7.01		64	文献[67]
	19.9	800¹⁾	7.85 → 8.03	35.2	24.8	文献[68]
天然沸石	0.17	60	4.47 → 4.91	28.3		文献[66]
氯化铵改性沸石	0.17	60	4.47 → 4.44	29.6（交换态）		文献[66]
氯化钙改性沸石	0.17	60	4.47 → 4.67	30.1（交换态）		文献[66]
沸石	0.69	10	4.29 → 7.36	吸附量18.4²⁾		文献[69]
沸石粉	0.49	20	6.29 → 7.57	32.3		文献[70]
膨润土	1.65	20	6.29 → 7.69	29.4		文献[70]
蒙脱石	0.69	10	4.29 → 4.15	吸附量40.8²⁾		文献[69]
1)单位为g/m²；2)单位为mg/g。

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